1.2 Additional ResourcesOther resources are available to understand advancedadjustable frequency drive functions and programming.• The VLT® Programming Guide provides greaterdetail on working with parameters and manyapplication examples.• The VLT® Design Guide is intended to providedetailed capabilities and functionality to designmotor control systems.• Supplementary publications and manuals areavailable from Danfoss.See http://www.danfoss.com/Products/Literature/Technical+Documentation.htm for listings.• Optional equipment is available that may changesome of the procedures described. Reference theinstructions supplied with those options forspecific requirements. Contact the local Danfosssupplier or visit the Danfoss website fordownloads or additional information.1.3 Product OverviewAn adjustable frequency drive is an electronic motorcontroller that converts AC line power input into a variableAC waveform output. The frequency and voltage of theoutput are regulated to control the motor speed or torque.The adjustable frequency drive can vary the speed of themotor in response to system feedback, such as positionsensors on a conveyor belt. The adjustable frequency drivecan also regulate the motor by responding to remotecommands from external controllers.In addition, the adjustable frequency drive monitors thesystem and motor status, issues warnings or alarms forfault conditions, starts and stops the motor, optimizesenergy efficiency, and offers many more control,monitoring, and efficiency functions. Operation andmonitoring functions are available as status indications toan outside control system or serial communicationnetwork.1.4 Internal Controller FunctionsFigure 1.3 is a block diagram of the adjustable frequencydrive's internal components. See Table 1.3 for theirfunctions.Figure 1.3 Adjustable Frequency Drive Block DiagramArea Title Functions1 Line power input • Three-phase AC line powersupply to the adjustablefrequency drive2 Rectifier • The rectifier bridge convertsthe AC input to DC current tosupply inverter power3 DC bus • Intermediate DC bus circuithandles the DC current4 DC reactors • Filter the intermediate DCcircuit voltage• Provide line transientprotection• Reduce RMS current• Raise the power factorreflected back to the line• Reduce harmonics on the ACinput5 Capacitor bank • Stores the DC power• Provides ride-throughprotection for short powerlosses6 Inverter • Converts the DC into acontrolled PWM AC waveformfor a controlled variableoutput to the motor7 Output to motor • Regulated three-phase outputpower to the motorIntroduction VLT®AutomationDrive InstructionManualMG33AL22 - VLT® is a registered Danfoss trademark 1-31 1