363. Operating PrinciplesThe TM Series In-Line Torque Transducer can be defined as an inductive transducer operating onthe basis of a differential voltage transformer having a variable coupling factor.3.1 torque transduCer arChiteCtureThe part of the transducer effectively measuring the torque is composed of three elements: a shaftwith a deformation zone, a pair of coils and two metallic cylinders.Figure 3–1 TM Torque Transducer Principal ElementsThe primary and secondary coil composing the differential transformer are separated by twoconcentric aluminum cylinders. These cylinders are connected to the torque measuring shaft—theexternal cylinder on one side of the deformation zone and the internal cylinder on the opposite side.both cylinders have two series of slots on their surface. When there is no torque being applied to themeasuring shaft, the slots in both cylinders fail to overlap. because the cylinders are non-magnetic,there is total screening and differential induction cannot be generated between the primary andsecondary coil.As torque is applied to the shaft, the deformation zone undergoes increasing angular deformation.As torque is sensed, the overlap between the slots increases creating an opening for the inductionflux. The amount of differential induction is proportional to the applied torque. In this way, whenthe primary coil is excited by a sinusoidal voltage, the secondary coil produces a voltage whosemagnitude is dependent on the applied torque.