22Congratulations! You have just purchased a TCO’99approved and labeled product! Your choicehas provided you with a product developed forprofessional use. Your purchase has also contributedto reducing the burden on the environment and alsoto the further development of environmentally adaptedelectronics products.Why do we have environmentally labelledcomputers?In many countries, environmental labelling has become an establishedmethod for encouraging the adaptation of goods and services tothe environment. The main problem, as far as computers and otherelectronics equipment are concerned, is that environmentally harmfulsubstances are used both in the products and during the manufacturing.Since it has not been possible for the majority of electronics equipmentto be recycled in a satisfactory way, most of these potentially damagingsubstances sooner or later enter Nature.There are also other characteristics of a computer, such as energyconsumption levels, that are important from the viewpoints of both thework (Internal) and natural (external) environments. Since all methodsof conventional electricity generation have a negative effect on theenvironment (acidic and climate-influencing emissions, radioactivewaste, etc.), it is vital to conserve energy. Electronics equipment inoffices consume an enormous amount of energy since they are often leftrunning continuously.What does labelling involve?This product meets the requirements for the TCO’99 scheme whichprovides for international and environmental labelling of personalcomputers. The labelling scheme was developed as a joint effort bythe TCO (The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees),Svenska Naturskyddsforeningen (The Swedish Society for NatureConservation) and Statens Energimyndighet (The Swedish NationalEnergy Administration).The requirements cover a wide range of issues: environment,ergonomics, usability, emission of electrical and magnetic fields, energyconsumption and electrical and fire safety.The environmental demands concern restrictions on the presence anduse of heavy metals, brominated and chlorinated flame retardants,CFCs (freons) and chlorinated solvents, among other things. The productmust be prepared for recycling and the manufacturer is obliged tohave an environmental plan which must be adhered to in each countrywhere the company implements its operational policy. The energyrequirements include a demand that the computer and/or display, aftera certain period of inactivity, shall reduce its power consumption to alower level in one or more stages. The length of time to reactivate thecomputer shall be reasonable for the user.Labelled products must meet strict environmental demands, for example,in respect of the reduction of electric and magnetic fields, physical andvisual ergonomics and good usability.Environmental RequirementsFlame retardantsFlame retardants are present in printed circuit boards, cables, wires,casings and housings. In turn, they delay the spread of fire. Up tothirty percent of the plastic in a computer casing can consist of flameretardant substances. Most flame retardants contain bromine orchloride and these are related to another group of environmentaltoxins, PCBs, which are suspected to give rise to severe health effects,including reproductive damage in fisheating birds and mammals,due to the bioaccumulative* processes. Flame retardants have beenfound in human blood and researchers fear that disturbances in foetusdevelopment may occur.TCO’99 demand requires that plastic components weighing more than25 grams must not contain flame retardants with organically boundchlorine and bromine. Flame retardants are allowed in the printedcircuit boards since no substitutes are available.Lead**Lead can be found in picture tubes, display screens, solders andcapacitors. Lead damages the nervous system and in higher doses,causes lead poisoning.TCO’99 requirement permits the inclusion of lead since noreplacement has yet been developed.Cadmium**Cadmium is present in rechargeable batteries and in thecolourgenerating layers of certain computer displays. Cadmiumdamages the nervous system and is toxic in high doses.TCO’99 requirement states that batteries, the colourgenerating layersof display screens and the electrical or electronics components mustnot contain any cadmium.Mercury**Mercury is sometimes found in batteries, relays and switches,Mercury damages the nervous system and is toxic in high doses.TCO’99 requirement states that batteries may not contain anyMercury. It also demands that no mercury is present in any of theelectrical or electronics components associated with the display unit.CFCs (freons)CFCs (freons) are sometimes used for washing printed circuit boards.CFCs break down ozone and thereby damage the ozone layer inthe stratosphere, causing increased reception on Earth of ultravioletlight with consequent increased risks of skin cancer (malignantmelanoma).The relevant TCO’99 requirement; Neither CFCs nor HCFCs may beused during the manufacturing and assembly of the product or itspackaging.*Bio-accumulative is defined as substances which accumulate withinliving organisms.**Lead, Cadmium and Mercury are heavy metals which areBio-accumulative.To obtain complete information on the environmental criteriadocument, order from:TCO Development UnitSE-114 94 StockholmSWEDENFAX Number: +46 8 782 92 07E-mail (Internet): development@tco.seYou may also obtain current information on TCO’99 approved andlabelled products by visiting their website at:http://www.tcodevelopment.comTCO’99 (Black model)