SAFETY AND WARRANTY FDA CONSUMER UPDATE4. What are the results of the research done already?The research done thus far has produced conflicting results, and manystudies have suffered from flaws in their research methods. Animalexperiments investigating the effects of radiofrequency energy (RF)exposures characteristic of wireless phones have yielded conflictingresults that often cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few animalstudies, however, have suggested that low levels of RF could acceleratethe development of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many of thestudies that showed increased tumor development used animals that hadbeen genetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals soas to be predisposed to develop cancer in the absence of RF exposure.Other studies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22 hours per day.These conditions are not similar to the conditions under which peopleuse wireless phones, so we don’t know with certainty what the results ofsuch studies mean for human health. Three large epidemiology studieshave been published since December 2000. Between them, the studiesinvestigated any possible association between the use of wireless phonesand primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neu-roma,tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. Noneof the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effectsfrom wireless phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies cananswer questions about long-term exposures, since the average period ofphone use in these studies was around three years.5. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure fromwireless phones poses a health risk?A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studiesof people actually using wireless phones would provide someof the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could becompleted in a few years. However, very large numbers of animals wouldbe needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if oneexists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is directly applicableto human populations, but 10 or more years’ follow-up may be neededto provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This isbecause the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causingagent and the time tumors develop - if they do -may be many, manyyears. The interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered bydifficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use ofwireless phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angleat which the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.148