167Results of this study did NOT show that cell phones causedbrain cancer. In this study, most people had no increased riskof brain cancer from using cell phones. For people with theheaviest use of cell phones (an average of more than ½ hourper day, every day, for over 10 years) the study suggested aslight increase in brain cancer. However, the authorsdetermined that biases and errors prevented any conclusionsbeing drawn from this data. Additional information aboutInterphone can be found athttp://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2010/pdfs/pr200_E.pdf.Interphone is the largest cell phone study to date, but it didnot answer all questions about cell phone safety. Additionalresearch is being conducted around the world, and the FDAcontinues to monitor developments in this field.International Cohort Study on Mobile Phone Users(COSMOS)The COSMOS study aims to conduct long-term healthmonitoring of a large group of people to determine if thereare any health issues linked to long-term exposure to radiofrequency energy from cell phone use. The COSMOS studywill follow approximately 300,000 adult cell phone users inEurope for 20 to 30 years. Additional information about theCOSMOS study can be found athttp://www.ukcosmos.org/index.html .Risk of Brain Cancer from Exposure to RadioFrequency Fields in Childhood and Adolescence(MOBI-KIDS)MOBI-KIDS is an international study investigating therelationship between exposure to radio frequency energyfrom communication technologies including cell phones andbrain cancer in young people. This is an internationalmulti-center study involving 14 European and non-Europeancountries. Additional information about MOBI-KIDS can befound athttp://www.creal.cat/programes-recerca/en_projectes-creal/view.php?ID=39.Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)Program of the National Cancer InstituteThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) actively follows cancerstatistics in the United States to detect any change in rates ofnew cases for brain cancer. If cell phones play a role in riskfor brain cancer, rates should go up, because heavy cellphone use has been common for quite some time in the U.S.Between 1987 and 2005, the overall age-adjusted incidenceof brain cancer did not increase. Additional information aboutSEER can be found athttp://seer.cancer.gov/ .