Health and safety information56are used against the head or against the body. Eitherconfiguration should result in compliance with thesafety limit.Do wireless phone accessories that claim toshield the head from RF radiation work?Since there are no known risks from exposure to RFemissions from wireless phones, there is no reason tobelieve that accessories that claim to shield the headfrom those emissions reduce risks. Some products thatclaim to shield the user from RF absorption use specialphone cases, while others involve nothing more than ametallic accessory attached to the phone. Studies haveshown that these products generally do not work asadvertised. Unlike “hand-free” kits, these so-called“shields” may interfere with proper operation of thephone. The phone may be forced to boost its power tocompensate, leading to an increase in RF absorption. InFebruary 2002, the Federal trade Commission (FTC)charged two companies that sold devices that claimedto protect wireless phone users from radiation withmaking false and unsubstantiated claims. According toFTC, these defendants lacked a reasonable basis tosubstantiate their claim.What about wireless phone interference withmedical equipment?Radio frequency energy (RF) from wireless phones caninteract with some electronic devices. For this reason,FDA helped develop a detailed test method to measureelectromagnetic interference (EMI) of implanted cardiacpacemakers and defibrillators from wireless telephones.This test method is now part of a standard sponsoredby the Association for the Advancement of Medicalinstrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort byFDA, medical device manufacturers, and many othergroups, was completed in late 2000. This standard willallow manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakersand defibrillators are safe from wireless phone EMI. FDAhas tested wireless phones and helped develop avoluntary standard sponsored by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Thisstandard specifies test methods and performancerequirements for hearing aids and wireless phones sothat no interference occurs when a person uses a