Safety measures OPMI LUMERA® 700Version 3.0Page 18 G-30-1673-enMeasures to prevent phototoxic injurySeveral papers 1)-5) dealing with the problem of phototoxicity in ophthalmicsurgery have been published. A comprehensive review of these publicationsreveals five aspects of particular concern:– Illumination characteristics (spectral composition)– Illumination intensity– Angle of illumination– Focus of the light source– Exposure time to lightIn the following, comments on these aspects are given and a description ofhow Carl Zeiss, as a manufacturer, makes allowance for them in its systems.Illumination characteristics (spectral composition)Studies on the exposure of the eye to light of varying spectral compositiondate back to the early 1950s. These studies suggest that the potential hazardof phototoxic injury to the patient's retina can be reduced by blocking out theblue and ultraviolet light below a wavelength of 475 nm.Integrated protection filters For protection of the retina, Carl Zeiss offers the swing-in retina protectionfilter (blue barrier filter) and the stationary UV blocking filter as standard fea-tures of the surgical microscope. This reduces not only the exposure of the pa-tient's eye to light, but also that of the surgeon's.An important point to note here, however, is that the orange color of theretina protection filter will inevitably change the perceived color of the light.For this reason, the surgeon may initially have to get used to the changed ap-pearance of the anatomical structures.Illumination intensityThe majority of researchers suggest that the surgeon should use the lowestlight intensity required at the patient's eye to guarantee good viewing during