Refractor TelescopesRefractor telescopes use a series of concave and convex lenses to bend light coming inthe objective lens to a focus at the eyepiece. The light path travels straight through theoptical tube without any mirrors needed to redirect the light toward the eyepiece.Reflector TelescopesReflector telescopes use a series of mirrors to bring light to focus at the eyepiece, whichextrudes from the side of the telescope tube. Light enters the open objective end of thetube and is then bounced off of a parabolic mirror toward the secondary mirror. Thesecondary mirror redirects the light out of the side of the tube toward the eyepiece. Thesecondary mirror blocks a small portion of the light coming in the front of the opticaltube as it is in the light path.Telescope Image OrientationCatadioptric TelescopesCatadioptric telescopes combine lenses and mirrors to bring light to focus at the eye-piece, which extrudes either out the side of the optical tube, or through a hole in thecenter of the primary mirror. Catadioptric telescopes provide a wider field of view thanreflector telescopes and correct focus to be the same across the entire field of view. Cata-dioptric telescopes also lose a small portion of the light they gather due to obstructionby the secondary mirror.Image OrientationImages viewed through a telescope will appear to be flipped both horizontally andvertically (rotated 180). When viewing celestial objects, image orientation is of littleconcern, but if you would like to use your telescope for terrestrial use, you will needto use an erecting prism to correct the image orientation. An image diagonal will alsopartially correct the image by flipping the image vertcally, but the image will still ap-pear backwards. To correct the image in a reflector telescope, you will need a par-focalerecting eyepiece which also increases the magnificaiton of your eyepiece by a factorof 1.5x.Telescope Image with DiagonalTelescope Image with Erecting Prism