signal to other systems or equipment in the substation. It canalso be used inside the same IED, to attach a RANGE aspectto an analog value and to permit measurement supervision onthat value.Measured value expander block RANGE_XPThe current and voltage measurements functions (CVMMXN,CMMXU, VMMXU and VNMMXU), current and voltagesequence measurement functions (CMSQI and VMSQI) andIEC 61850 generic communication I/O functions (MVGGIO)are provided with measurement supervision functionality. Allmeasured values can be supervised with four settable limits:low-low limit, low limit, high limit and high-high limit. Themeasure value expander block (RANGE_XP) has beenintroduced to enable translating the integer output signal fromthe measuring functions to 5 binary signals: below low-lowlimit, below low limit, normal, above high-high limit or abovehigh limit. The output signals can be used as conditions in theconfigurable logic or for alarming purpose.Fault locator LMBRFLOThe accurate fault locator is an essential component tominimize the outages after a persistent fault and/or to pin-point a weak spot on the line.The fault locator is an impedance measuring function givingthe distance to the fault in percent, km or miles. The mainadvantage is the high accuracy achieved by compensating forload current and for the mutual zero-sequence effect ondouble circuit lines.The compensation includes setting of the remote and localsources and calculation of the distribution of fault currentsfrom each side. This distribution of fault current, together withrecorded load (pre-fault) currents, is used to exactly calculatethe fault position. The fault can be recalculated with newsource data at the actual fault to further increase theaccuracy.Especially on heavily loaded long lines (where the fault locatoris most important) where the source voltage angles can be upto 35-40 degrees apart the accuracy can be still maintainedwith the advanced compensation included in fault locator.13. MeteringPulse counter logic PCGGIOPulse counter (PCGGIO) function counts externally generatedbinary pulses, for instance pulses coming from an externalenergy meter, for calculation of energy consumption values.The pulses are captured by the binary input module and thenread by the function. A scaled service value is available overthe station bus. The special Binary input module withenhanced pulse counting capabilities must be ordered toachieve this functionality.Function for energy calculation and demand handlingETPMMTROutputs from the Measurements (CVMMXN) function can beused to calculate energy consumption. Active as well asreactive values are calculated in import and export direction.Values can be read or generated as pulses. Maximumdemand power values are also calculated by the function.14. Basic IED functionsTime synchronizationThe time synchronization source selector is used to select acommon source of absolute time for the IED when it is a partof a protection system. This makes it possible to compareevent and disturbance data between all IEDs in a stationautomation system.15. Human machine interfaceHuman machine interfaceThe local HMI is divided into zones with different functionality.• Status indication LEDs.• Alarm indication LEDs, which consist of 15 LEDs (6 redand 9 yellow) with user printable label. All LEDs areconfigurable from PCM600.• Liquid crystal display (LCD).• Keypad with push buttons for control and navigationpurposes, switch for selection between local and remotecontrol and reset.• Isolated RJ45 communication port.IEC05000056-LITEN V1 ENFigure 1. Medium graphic HMI, 15 controllable objectsBay control REC670 1MRK511232-BEN EPre-configuredProduct version: 1.218 ABB