3Technology Introduction ReferenceTrackThe track module is used to implement collaboration betweendifferent modules. The collaboration here involves three parts:the application modules, the track module, and the detectionmodules. These modules collaborate with one another throughcollaboration entries. That is, the detection modules trigger theapplication modules to perform certain operations through thetrack module. More specifically, the detection modules probethe link status, network performance and so on, and inform theapplication modules of the detection result through the trackmodule. Once notified of network status changes, theapplication modules deal with the changes to avoidcommunication interruption and network performancedegradation."Configuring track" inHigh AvailabilityConfiguration GuideProtection switchover technologiesProtection switchover technologies aim at recovering network faults. They back up hardware, link, routing,and service information for switchover in case of network faults, to ensure continuity of network services.Table 3 Protection switchover technologiesTechnology Introduction ReferenceEthernet LinkAggregationEthernet link aggregation, most often simply called linkaggregation, aggregates multiple physical Ethernet links into onelogical link to increase link bandwidth beyond the limits of any onesingle link. This logical link is an aggregate link. It allows for linkredundancy because the member physical links can dynamicallyback up one another."Configuring Ethernetink aggregation" inLayer 2—LANSwitchingConfiguration GuideSmart LinkSmart Link is a feature developed to address the slow convergenceissue with STP. It provides link redundancy as well as fastconvergence in a dual uplink network, allowing the backup link totake over quickly when the primary link fails."Configuring SmartLink" in HighAvailabilityConfiguration GuideMSTPAs a Layer 2 management protocol, the Multiple Spanning TreeProtocol (MSTP) eliminates Layer 2 loops by selectively blockingredundant links in a network, and in the mean time, allows for linkredundancy."Configuringspanning tree" inLayer 2—LANSwitchingConfiguration GuideRRPPThe Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP) is a link layer protocoldesigned for Ethernet rings. RRPP can prevent broadcast stormscaused by data loops when an Ethernet ring is healthy, and rapidlyrestore the communication paths between the nodes in the eventthat a link is disconnected on the ring."Configuring RRPP" inHigh AvailabilityConfiguration GuideA single availability technology cannot solve all problems. Therefore, a combination of availabilitytechnologies, chosen on the basis of detailed analysis of network environments and user requirements,should be used to enhance network availability. For example, access-layer devices should be connectedto distribution-layer devices over redundant links, and core-layer devices should be fully meshed. Also,network availability should be considered during planning prior to building a network.