The decisive factors for the type of operation are thecollective loads with different cubic averages k .The collective load indicates to what degree a drivingmechanism, or a part of one, is subjected to its maxi-mum stress or only to smaller stresses. The cubic aver-age (factor of the load spectrum) is calculated using thefollowing formula.The FEM* 9.511 rule differentiates between four collec-tive loads, which are identified by the definitions andby the ranges of the cubic averages k. This classificationcomplies with ISO 4301/1.*FEM = Federation Europeene de la Manutention (European Federationof Materials Handling and Storage Equipment)The formula given for the cubic average k does not takethe weight of the harness into account. This is permissi-ble if the ratioTo determine the type of operation for calculatingthe partial operating times (actual operating time),the following collective load diagrams can also be used.I N S T R U C T I O N S CO NC E R N I N G T H E˝ M O D E L F O R D E T E R M I N I N G T H EAC T UA L O P E R AT I N G T I M E˝powered by air!MAINTENANCEPage 31Weight of harnessLoad-bearing capacity ≤ 0.05Maximum or ultimate loadLoad-bearing capacityDefinitions:=Dead loadLoad-bearing capacity=Operating time with maximumload or partial load and dead loadTotal operating time=Operating time with dead loadTotal operating time=Collective load 1 Collective load 2Load proportionst2t1 tΔ t30.40.10.7330.4670.20 10 50 100 0 16.7 33.3 50 100t2t1 tΔ1Collective load 3 Collective load 4Load proportionst1 tΔ0.40.80 50 100 0 90 100t1 tΔ1Collective load Definition Cubic Collective load factoraverage1 L1 Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are only subject k ≤ 0.50(low) to the maximum stress in exceptional circumstances, andare only subject to very lowstresses continuously.2 L2 Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are subject to 0.50 < k(average) the maximum stress often, and are only subject to low ≤ 0.63stresses continuously.3 L3 Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are subject to 0.63 < k(high) the maximum stress often, and are subject to average ≤ 0.80stresses continuously.4 L4 Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are subject to 0.80 < k(very the maximum stress of adjacent stresses regularly. ≤ 1,00high)km = k3 = 0.125km = k3 = 1km = k3 = 0.25km = k3 = 0.5