Chapter 3. The mechanism and principleof operation of E-502.3.1. Conventions3.1.1. Convention on numberingIn all products of the L-Card, the numbering of all physical objects (for example, channelnumbers) in the description of the principle of action and design is always made from one!This agreement is completely unrelated to the encoding method in programming, where thenumbers of these physical objects can be encoded from scratch or otherwise, in the context of thecorresponding library function or programming language.3.1.2. The assumption on the concept of "frequency"In the documentation for E-502, the frequency of discrete signals (e.g., synchronization signals)is expressed in Hertz, and not in periods per second, as it is common for frequency for a non-sinusoidal process.3.2. Introduction (general information)All modifications of E-502 (fig. 1-1, section 1.1) are made on the basis of the same multilayerPCB. Modification is achieved by different variants of the factory assembly. Changing E-502modifications after factory assembly is not provided for.The presence of the ADSP-BF523 signal processor with SDRAM (modification E-502-P-░-░) isconsidered justified for those users who want to get the maximum of on-board signal processingcapabilities on-board, as well as for advanced users to have their own low-level programming of theprocessor, possibly with the use of the JTAG-emulator (s.4.4.3, p. 39).All E-502 modifications have a galvanic isolation of the signal circuits (for L-502 a galvanicisolation is an option).DAC with 2 channels (modification E-502-░-░-D) allows to display output analog voltagelevels or voltage time functions.ADC 16 bits with a conversion frequency of up to 2 MHz with 16/32-channel circuitswitching (up to 16 differential channels, up to 32 with a common ground) with voltage subbandsof ±10 V, ±5 V, ±2 V, ±1 V, ±0.5 V, ±0.2 V has an analog ADC path, identical to L-502,with a maximum conversion frequency of 2 MHz.Note the limitations up to± 1 V of the operating range of the input signal on the Y and GND32inputs (for details, see 4.6).Instrumental DAC 16 bits 2 channels ±5 V provides the opportunity of synchronous (streamingup to 1 MHz for a channel), asynchronous mode on the selected DAC channel, including mixedsynchronous asynchronous mode on different channels, as well as a cyclic synchronous self-oscillatorfrom the E-502 internal buffer (2 pages of 1.5 Mcounts.)Digital output, 16 lines. Similarly to a DAC, it is possible to have a synchronous output of upto 1 MHz, as well as an asynchronous output, as well as a synchronous output from an internal buffer.With synchronous output, the frequency is matched to the frequency of the DAC output. The outputenable allocated for the low and high byte increases the flexibility of using digital lines, for example,