8washers and the like have not beenevaluated for electrical conductivityor for use as grounding devices andshould be used only for maintainingmechanical connections and holdingelectrical grounding devices in theproper position for electricalconductivity. Such devices, wheresupplied with the module andevaluated through the requirementsin UL 1703, may be used forgrounding connections inaccordance with the instructionsprovided with the module.Wire connection using cup washers(see Figures 3.2) The use of cup washers is to preventwire from slipping out from underthe screw head (and/or the flatwasher). Make sure that the cup washer isplaced between the wire and themodule frame. Choose an adequate size for the cupwasher and the flat washer so thatthe wire is fully clamped betweenthem. Note: Cup washers are also calledterminal cup washers. The cup washers should be stainlesssteel, or a cup washer made of brassmay be used only if a large flatwasher made of stainless steel isinserted between the module frameand the cup washer. Choose the adequate size for thelarge flat washer (between themodule frame and the cup washer)so that the cup washer doesn’tcontact the module frame and isfixed stably to the module frame.Method- Use a bolt and nut(see Figures 3.1 and 3.2) If using this method, use one of theholes with diameter of 0.205’‘ (5.2mm) The bolt and nut size should be No.8(0.164’‘ diameter (4.16 mm)), orNo.10 (0.190’‘ diameter (4.83 mm))or M5 (0.197’‘ diameter (5.0 mm)). Star washers must be used to makecontact through the anodization ofthe module for this method. In this case, the screw threads arenot providing the electrical groundcontact.Using a lay-in lug with bolt and nut If using this method, please followinstructions in previous sectionregarding using bolts and nuts withgrounding holes. Use a grounding tin plated solidcopper lay-in lug rated for directburial and outdoor use. Lug must beused ILSCO GBL-4DBT,BurndyCL501TN. Attach grounding lug to moduleframe using a stainless steel bolt andlock-nut as shown in Figure 3.3. Tighten stainless steel set screw atthe torque specified by lugmanufacturer to secure copper wire. The specified torque is following Ilsco Corp. GBL-4DBT10-14AWG-Solid -> 20 in-lbs,4-6AWG-Strand -> 35 in-lbs,8AWG-Strand -> 25 in-lbs, 10-14AWG-Strand -> 20 in-lbs Burndy L L C CL501TN 14AWG-Solid -> 35 in-lbs,14AWG-Strand -> 35 in-lbs,4AWG-Strand -> 45 in-lbs Recommended torque value intightening bolt and nut is 2.3 N.m(20in-lb).Using a Grounding Clip with bolt and nut Use Tyco Electronics 1954381-2 asgrounding clip. As shown in Figure 3.4, place thegrounding clip onto the moduleframe. Thread the hex nut onto the end ofthe screw, then using a 3/8-in.wrench, tighten the nut.Recommended torque value intightening bolt and nut is between1.7 and 2.2 N.m. Insert the wire into the wire slot.Press down on both ends of the wire. Manually, or using channel lockpliers, push the slider over the baseuntil it covers the base. This illterminate the wire. For more information, please referto Instruction sheet issued by TycoElectronics.Module Terminations A junction box as a terminalenclosure is equipped for electricalconnections. VBHNxxxSA17 isequipped with MCTM plugs as aterminal enclosure. Use these MCTMplugs for electrical connections (seeFigure 4.1). Connectors between modules mustbe inserted until they click.Junction Box and Terminals Modules are equipped with onejunction box containing terminals forboth, positive and negative polarity,and bypass diodes. Each terminal is dedicated to onepolarity with the polarity symbolsengraved onto the body of thejunction box (see Figure 4.2). Each terminal is provided withfactory installed lead cables and alatching connector for series andstring connections. Always use theseconnectors and do not detach themfrom cables. Latching connectors are type IV andmade by STAUBLI ELECTRICALCONNECTORS AG. Suppliedconnectors listed by UL. In order to comply with NEC 2008, alocking sleeve needs to be used withall connectors that are exposed. The locking sleeve (PV-SSH4) is madeby STAUBLI and can only be releasedwith a special tool also made bySTAUBLI (PV-MS). Locking sleevesare not supplied with modules andmust be purchased separately.Conduit In applications where wire racewaysor conduit are used, follow theapplicable codes for outdoorinstallations. Verify that all fittings are properlyinstalled to protect wires againstdamage and prevent moistureintrusion.DIODESBypass Diodes When modules in series strings arepartially shaded, it may causereverse voltage across cells ormodules, because the current fromother cells in the same series isforced to flow through the shadedarea. This may cause undesirableheating to occur. The use of a diode to bypass theshaded area can minimize bothheating and array current reduction. Modules are equipped with factoryinstalled bypass diodes. The factory-installed diodes provide propercircuit protection for the systems