FOREIGN SPECIFICATIONS OVERVIEW4. Shipping Standards(1) Lloyd’s Register of ShippingStandards from the Lloyd’s Register shipping asso-ciation based in England. These standards aresafety standards for environmental testing of thetemperature and vibration tolerances of electricalcomponents used for UMS (unmanned machinerooms in marine vessels) applications. These stan-dards have become international standards forcontrol equipment in all marine vessel applications.No particular action is taken to display the confor-mation to these standards on the products.1. International StandardsIEC standardInternational Electrotechnical CommissionBy promoting international cooperation toward allproblems and related issues regardingstandardization in the electrical and electronictechnology fields, the IEC, a non-governmentalorganization, was started in October, 1908, for thepurpose of realizing mutual understanding on aninternational level. To this end, the IEC standardwas enacted for the purpose of promotinginternational standardization.2. North AmericaUL (Underwiters Laboratories Inc.)This is a non-profit testing organization formed in1894 by a coalition of U.S. fire insurance firms,which tests and approves industrial products(finished products). When electrical products aremarketed in the U.S., UL approval is mandated inmany states, by state law and city ordinances. Inorder to obtain UL approval, the principal partscontained in industrial products must also be UL-approved parts.UL approval is divided into two general types. Oneis called “listing” (Fig. 1), and applies to industrialproducts (finished products). Under this type ofapproval, products must be approvedunconditionally. The other type is called“recognition” (Fig. 2), and is a conditional approvalwhich applies to parts and materials.CSA (Canadian Standards Association)This was established in 1919 as a non-profit, non-governmental organization aimed at promotingstandards. It sets standards for industrial products,parts, and materials, and has the authority to judgeelectrical products to determine whether theyconform to those standards. The CSA is the ultimateauthority in the eyes of both the government and thepeople in terms of credibility and respect. Almost allstates and provinces in Canada require CSAapproval by law, in order to sell electrical products.As a result, electrical products exported from Japanto Canada are not approved under Canadian lawsunless they have received CSA approval anddisplay the CSA mark. Approval is called“certification”, and products and parts which havebeen approved are called “certified equipment”, anddisplay the mark shown in Fig. 3. The mark shownin Fig. 4 is called the “Component Acceptance”mark, and indicates conditional approval which isapplicable to parts. The C-UL mark shown in Fig. 5(finished products) and Fig. 6 (parts) indicates thatthe product has been tested and approved in ULlaboratories, based on UL and CSA standards,through mutual approval activities.3. EuropeEN standardEuropean Standards/Norme Europeennee(France)/Europaishe Norm (Germany)Abbreviation for European Standards. A unifiedstandard enacted by CEN/CENELEC (EuropeanStandards Committee/European ElectricalStandards Committee). EU and EFTA membernations employ the content of the EN standards intotheir own national standards and are obligated toabolish those national standards that do not agreewith the EN standards.(1) GermanyVDE (Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker)The VDE laboratory was established mainly by theGerman Electric Technology Alliance, which wasformed in 1893. It carries out safety experimentsand passes approval for electrical devices andparts. Although VDE certification is not enforcedunder German law, punishment is severe shouldelectrical shock or fire occur; therefore, it is, in fact,like an enforcement.TÜV (Technischer Überwachungs-Verein)TÜV is a civilian, non-profit, independentorganization that has its roots in the German BoilerSurveillance Association, which was started in 1875for the purpose of preventing boiler accidents. Amajor characteristic of TÜV is that it exists as acombination of 14 independent organizations (TÜVRheinland, TÜV Bayern, etc.) throughout Germany.TÜV carries out inspection on a wide variety ofindustrial devices and equipment, and has beenentrusted to handle electrical products, as well, bythe government. TÜV inspection and certification isbased mainly on the VDE standard.TÜV certification can be obtained from any of the 14TÜVs throughout Germany and has the sameeffectiveness as obtaining VDE certification.LISTING MARKFig. 1RECOGNITION MARKFig. 2CertificationFig. 3Fig. 5Fig. 6Component AcceptanceFig. 4VDETÜV RheinlandCTi Automation - Phone: 800.894.0412 - Fax: 208.368.0415 - Web: www.ctiautomation.net - Email: info@ctiautomation.net