Samsung NP-R20 Series Service Manual

11-511. References3) GlossaryBad SectorAn area on a hard disk or floppy disk that cannot be used to store data, because of amanufacturing defect or accidental damage. A floppy or hard disk saves data in units and thesmallest unit of storage on a disk is a sector. A bad sector means a sector that is damaged andcannot be used to write or read data.BIOSAn acronym for Basic Input/Output System. A set of instructions stored on a read-only memory(ROM) chip which handles all input-output functions. The BIOS communicates between the operatingsystem and the computer's hardware. This is a part of the computer firmware (computer dedicatedsoftware).The BIOS allows the computer's hardware and the operating system to communicate with applicationprograms and peripheral devices as well as providing the fundamental services required for thecomputer's operation. To view or change the BIOS settings, press the "Del" key when the system isbooting up.Boot SectorThe very first track (track 0) on a hard drive of an IBM compatible PC. If the power is turned on,the booting software reads the first block of the boot sector which contains a very short program (inthe order of a few hundred bytes) which will load and start running the operating system properly.Bus MasteringBus mastering is a feature that enables a CPU extension board or software controller connected tothe bus to communicate directly with other devices on the bus without going through the CPU.Although the CPU generally controls data communication over the bus (which lowers the data rate),some high-speed devices may communicate with each other without going through the CPU. Toresolve this problem, a microprocessor installed on an extension board or a piece of software musttake control of the data transfer over the bus. By taking over some of the work of the systemmicroprocessor, the bus master creates a multiprocessing environment and increases the overallsystem performance. This technology is called bus mastering.CacheA cache is temporary high speed memory designed to speed up access to resources. It is similar toRAM but is much faster than RAM or a hard disk drive. A cache is used to reduce the wait timecaused by the difference in the data rate between two different types of storages such as the harddisk and the RAM.Cache MemoryHigh-speed memory with a copy of the most recently used memory data. When the CPU's requestfor instructions or data can be satisfied from the cache, the CPU can run at full rated speed. Usinga part of the hard disk space as cache memory due to small main memory capacity is called diskcache.- This Document can not be used without Samsung's authorization -