Section 12: Health and Safety Information 119• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health• Environmental Protection Agency• Federal Communications Commission• Occupational Safety and Health Administration• National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationThe National Institutes of Health participates in some interagency working groupactivities, as well.FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with the FederalCommunications Commission (FCC). All phones that are sold in the United Statesmust comply with FCC safety guidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDAand other health agencies for safety questions about wireless phones.FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless phone networks rely upon.While these base stations operate at higher power than do the wireless phonesthemselves, the RF exposures that people get from these base stations are typicallythousands of times lower than those they can get from wireless phones. Basestations are thus not the primary subject of the safety questions discussed in thisdocument.What are the results of the research done already?The research done thus far has produced conflicting results, and many studies havesuffered from flaws in their research methods. Animal experiments investigating theeffects of radio frequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless phoneshave yielded conflicting results that often cannot be repeated in other laboratories.A few animal studies, however, have suggested that low levels of RF couldaccelerate the development of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many of thestudies that showed increased tumor development used animals that had beengenetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to develop cancer in absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed theanimals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to theconditions under which people use wireless phones, so we don't know with certaintywhat the results of such studies mean for human health.Three large epidemiology studies have been published since December 2000.Between them, the studies investigated any possible association between the use ofwireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acousticneuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None ofthe studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effects from wirelessphones RF exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions about