6Principles of Estimating Body Fat PercentageThe UltimateScale allows you to estimate your body fat percentage at homeas easily as you measure your weight.What is Body Fat Percentage?Body fat percentage is the percentage of your body that is fat. Until now, your absoluteweight has determined whether or not you were considered overweight or obese. In recentyears, the definition of obesity has been refined to mean the presence of excess body fat.Too much body fat has been linked to conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease,diabetes, cancer, and other disabling conditions.The chart below shows four ranges of body fat percentage.The BIA MethodTanita’s UltimateScale uses the BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method. In thismethod, a safe, low-level electrical signal is passed through the body. It is difficult for thesignal to flow through fat in the human body, but easy to flow through moisture found inmuscle and other lean tissues. The difficulty with which a signal flows through a substanceis called impedance. So the amount of fat in the body can be accurately estimated bymeasuring the impedance. The signal used is very low, making it safe and imperceptible.The illustration on the left shows how the signal travels through the body.Body Fat Percentage Fluctuations in a DayHydration levels in the body may affect body fat readings. Readings are usually highest in theearly waking hours, since the body tends to be dehydrated after a long night’s sleep. For themost accurate reading, a person should take a body fat percentage reading at a consistenttime of day under consistent conditions.Besides this basic cycle of fluctuations in the daily body fat readings, variations may becaused by hydration changes in the body due to eating, drinking, menstruation, illness,exercising, and bathing. Daily body fat readings are unique to each person, and depend uponone’s lifestyle, job and activities.The graph on the left shows an example of daily body fat percentage fluctuations.Tanita’s patented “foot-pad” design sends a safe,low-level electrical signal through the body to deter-mine its composition.6 am22212019181710 am 2 pm 6 pm 10 pm TimeBody Fat %Daily fluctuations in body fat percentage basedon the BIA method.20–3940–5960–79Healthy Overfat ObeseUnderfatHealthy Overfat ObeseUnderfatBased on NIH/WHO BMI Guidelines.As reported by Gallagher, et al., at NY Obesity Research Center.To determine the percentage of body fat that is appropriate for your body, consult your physician.10%0% 20% 30% 40%20–3940–5960–79FemaleBody Fat Ranges for Standard AdultsAgeMaleAge1., 2.1.2.Additional InformationFurther information on body fat is available at ourWeb site, www.tanita.com and in our educationalbrochures—call 1-800-TANITA-8 to request abrochure (USA and Canada only).