u-blox LISA-C200 User Manual
Also see for FW75-C200: Application noteSystem integration manual
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Error! No text of specified style in document. - System Integration ManualCDMA-2X-11004-P1 Objective Specification Design-InPage 65 of 79The same procedure should be repeated on other bands with half wavelength dipole re-tuned tothe band under investigation.For good antenna radiation performance, antenna dimensions should be comparable to aquarter of the wavelength. Different antenna types can be used for the module, many ofthem (e.g. patch antennas, monopole) are based on a resonating element that works incombination with a ground plane. The ground plane, ideally infinite, can be reduced downto a minimum size that must be similar to one quarter of the wavelength of the minimumfrequency that has to be radiated (transmitted/received). Numerical sample: frequency = 1GHz wavelength = 30 cm minimum ground plane (or antenna size) = 7.5 cm. Below thissize, the antenna efficiency is reduced.74.3 ESD immunity test precautionsThe immunity of the device (i.e. the application board where Error! No text of specified style indocument. module is mounted) Electrostatic Discharge must be certified in compliance to thetesting requirements standard [12], and the requirements for radio and digital cellular radiotelecommunications system equipment standards [13] and [14].The ESD test is performed at the enclosure port referred to as the physical boundary through whichthe EM field radiates. If the device implements an integral antenna, the enclosure port is seen as allinsulating and conductive surfaces housing the device. If the device implements a removableantenna, the antenna port can be separated from the enclosure port. The antenna port comprisesthe antenna element and its interconnecting cable surfaces.The applicability of the ESD test depends on the device classification, as well the test on other portsor on interconnecting cables to auxiliary equipments depends to the device accessible interfacesand manufacturer requirements.Contact discharges are performed at conductive surfaces whereas air discharges are performedon insulating surfaces. Indirect contact discharges are performed on the measurement setuphorizontal and vertical coupling planes.Implement the following precautions to satisfy ESD immunity test requirements performed at thedevice enclosure in compliance to the category level and shown in the following table.Application Category Immunity LevelAll exposed surfaces of the radio equipment and ancillaryequipment in a representative configurationContact Discharge 4 kVAir Discharge 8 kVTable 19: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ESD immunity requirement, standards “EN 61000-4-2, EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1, EN301 489-7 V1.3.1”Although EMC certification (including ESD immunity testing) must be performed in the finalapplication of the radio equipment EUT, results are provided for LISA modules performing the testwith a representative configuration to show that requirements can be met.Since an external antenna is used, the antenna port can be separated from the enclosure port. Thereference application is not enclosed in a box so the enclosure port is not indentified with physicalsurfaces. Therefore, some test cases cannot be applied. Only the antenna port is identified asaccessible for direct ESD exposure.The reference application implements all precautions described in the sections below. ESDimmunity test results and applicability are reported in Table 20 according to test requirements [12],[13] and [14]. |
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