GE MiCOM P545i manuals
MiCOM P545i
Table of contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Table Of Contents
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Foreword
- Nomenclature
- Product Scope
- Ordering Options
- Features and Functions
- Control Functions
- Measurement Functions
- Logic Diagrams
- Functional Overview
- Chapter 2 Safety Information
- Health and Safety
- Symbols
- Installation, Commissioning and Servicing
- UL/CSA/CUL Requirements
- Equipment Connections
- Pre-energisation Checklist
- Upgrading/Servicing
- Decommissioning and Disposal
- Regulatory Compliance
- Chapter 3 Hardware Design
- Hardware Architecture
- Mechanical Implementation
- List of Boards
- Front Panel
- Keypad
- Front Parallel Port (SK2)
- Programable LEDs
- Rear Panel
- Boards and Modules
- Main Processor Board
- Power Supply Board
- Watchdog
- Rear Serial Port
- Input Module - 1 Transformer Board
- Input Module Circuit Description
- Transformer Board
- Input Board
- Standard Output Relay Board
- IRIG-B Board
- Fibre Optic Board
- Rear Communication Board
- Redundant Ethernet Board
- Coprocessor Board
- Chapter 4 Software Design
- Sofware Design Overview
- System Level Software
- System Level Software Initialisation
- Platform Software
- Protection and Control Functions
- Distance Protection
- Programmable Scheme Logic
- Event Recording
- Chapter 5 Configuration
- Settings Application Software
- Using the HMI Panel
- Navigating the HMI Panel
- Default Display
- Default Display Navigation
- Password Entry
- Menu Structure
- Changing the Settings
- Direct Access (The Hotkey menu)
- Circuit Breaker Control
- Line Parameters
- Residual Compensation
- Date and Time Configuration
- Without a Timing Source Signal
- Daylight Saving Time Compensation
- Settings Group Selection
- Chapter 6 Current Differential Protection
- Current Differential Protection Principle
- Synchronisation of Current Signals
- GPS Synchronisation
- Phase Current Differential Protection
- Phase Current Differential Tripping Criteria
- Phase Current Differential Protection Logic
- Neutral Current Differential Protection
- Three-Terminal Schemes
- Three-Terminal Scheme Reconfiguration on Energisation
- Transient Bias
- Capacitive Charging Current Compensation
- CT Compensation
- Feeders with In-Zone Transformers
- Zero Sequence Filtering
- Magnetising Inrush Restraint
- Second Harmonic Restraint
- Overfluxing Restraint
- Logic for Feeders with In-Zone Transformers
- Second Harmonic Blocking Logic
- Fifth Harmonic Blocking Logic
- Current Differential Intertripping
- Stub Bus Differential Protection
- Application Notes
- Sensitivity Under Heavy Loads
- Permissive Intertripping
- Feeders with Small Tapped Loads
- Setting a Three-Terminal Phase Current Differential Element
- Chapter 7 Distance Protection
- Introduction
- Impedance Calculation
- Distance Measuring Zones Operating Principles
- Mho Characteristics
- Directional Self-Polarized Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults
- Offset Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults
- Memory Polarization of Mho Characteristics
- Cross Polarization of Mho Characteristics
- Implementation of Mho Polarization
- Quadrilateral Characteristic
- Directional Quadrilaterals
- Earth Fault Quadrilateral Characteristics
- Quadrilateral Characteristic for Phase Faults
- Phase Fault Impedance Reach Line
- Phase Fault Resistive Reach Line
- Phase Fault Reverse Resistive Reach Line
- Phase and Earth Fault Distance Protection Implementation
- Distance Protection Phase Selection
- Biased Neutral Current Detector
- Distance Element Zone Settings
- Advanced Distance Zone Settings
- Capacitor VT Applications
- Load Blinding
- Cross Country Fault Protection
- Delta Directional Element
- Delta Directional Decision
- Distance Isolated and Compensated Systems
- Earth Fault Distance Protection for Isolated and Compensated Systems
- Single-phase to Earth Faults on Isolated or Compensated Systems
- Implementation of Distance Protection for Isolated and Compensated Networks
- Fault Detection Logic
- Phase Preferential Logic
- Earth Fault Characteristic
- Quadrilateral Resistive Reaches
- Dynamic Tilting
- Fixed Tilting
- Directional Element for Distance Protection
- Load Blinding Setup
- Delta Directional Element Setting Guidelines
- Distance Protection Worked Example
- Line Impedance Calculation
- Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach Settings
- Load Avoidance
- Teed Feeder Applications
- Chapter 8 Carrier Aided Schemes
- Carrier Aided Schemes Implementation
- Default Carrier Aided Schemes
- Aided Distance Scheme Logic
- Permissive Over-reach Scheme
- Permissive Overreach Trip Reinforcement
- Permissive Overreach Weak Infeed Features
- Current Reversal Guard Logic
- Aided Distance Blocking Schemes
- Aided Distance Unblocking Schemes
- Aided Distance Logic Diagrams
- Carrier Aided Schemes Receive Logic
- PUR Aided Tripping logic
- POR Aided Tripping logic
- Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic
- Aided DEF Scheme Logic
- Zero Sequence Polarizing
- Negative Sequence Polarizing
- Aided DEF Setting Guidelines
- Aided DEF POR Scheme
- Aided DEF Blocking Scheme
- Aided DEF Logic Diagrams
- Aided DEF Send Logic
- Aided DEF Tripping Logic
- Aided Delta Scheme Logic
- Aided Delta Blocking Scheme
- Aided Delta Logic Diagrams
- Aided Delta Tripping Logic
- POR Schemes for Teed Feeders
- Blocking Schemes for Teed Feeders
- Chapter 9 Non-Aided Schemes
- Non-Aided Schemes
- Basic Schemes
- Basic Scheme Setting
- Trip On Close Schemes
- Switch On To Fault (SOTF)
- SOTF Tripping
- Trip On Reclose Mode
- Zone1 Extension Scheme
- Loss of Load Scheme
- Chapter 10 Power Swing Functions
- Introduction to Power Swing Blocking
- Power Swing Blocking
- Slow Power Swing Detection
- Detection of a Fault During a Power Swing
- Power Swing Load Blinding Boundary
- Power Swing Blocking Logic
- Power Swing Blocking Setting Guidelines
- Setting the Resistive Limits
- PSB Timer Setting Guidelines
- Out of Step Protection
- Out of Step Protection Operataing Principle
- Out of Step Logic Diagram
- Chapter 11 Autoreclose
- Introduction to Autoreclose
- Autoreclose Implementation
- Autoreclose Logic Inputs from External Sources
- Reset Lockout Input
- Autoreclose Operating Sequence
- AR Timing Sequence - Evolving/Permanent Fault Single-phase
- Autoreclose System Map
- Autoreclose System Map Diagrams
- Autoreclose Internal Signals
- Autoreclose DDB Signals
- Logic Modules
- CB State Monitor Logic diagram
- Circuit Breaker Open Logic
- Autoreclose OK Logic Diagram
- Single-Phase and Three-Phase Autoreclose
- Autoreclose Modes Enable Logic Diagram
- Autoreclose Initiation Logic Diagram
- AR External Trip Initiation Logic Diagram
- Protection Reoperation and Evolving Fault Logic Diagram
- Autoreclose In Progress Logic Diagram
- Autoreclose Sequence Counter Logic Diagram
- phase Autoreclose Cycle Selection
- Dead Time Start Enable Logic Diagram
- phase Dead Time Logic Diagram
- Circuit Breaker Autoclose Logic Diagram
- Prepare Reclaim Initiation Logic Diagram
- Succesful Autoreclose Signals Logic Diagram
- CB Healthy and System Check Timers Logic Diagram
- Autoreclose Shot Counters Logic Diagram
- Circuit Breaker Trip Time Monitoring
- CB Lockout Logic Diagram
- Reset Circuit Breaker Lockout
- Pole Discrepancy
- CB Trip Conversion Logic Diagram
- Check Synchronisation Monitor for CB Closure
- Voltage Monitor for CB Closure
- Three-phase Autoreclose System Check Logic Diagram
- CB Manual Close System Check Logic Diagram
- Setting Guidelines
- Reclaim Time Setting Guidelines
- Chapter 12 CB Fail Protection
- Circuit Breaker Fail Protection
- Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 2
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 3
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 4
- Setting Guidelines (Undercurrent)
- Chapter 13 Current Protection Functions
- Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection
- POC Logic
- Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection
- NPSOC Logic
- Setting Guidelines (Directional element)
- Earth Fault Protection
- Directional Element
- Negative Sequence Polarisation
- Earth Fault Protection Logic
- Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
- Sensitive Earth Fault Protection Logic
- Setting Guidelines (Insulated Systems)
- High Impedance REF
- Thermal Overload Protection
- Thermal Overload Protection Implementation
- Setting Guidelines for Single Time Constant Characteristic
- Broken Conductor Protection
- Transient Earth Fault Detection
- Transient Earth Fault Detection Implementation
- Transient Earth Fault Detection Logic
- Fault Type Detector Logic
- Chapter 14 Voltage Protection Functions
- Undervoltage Protection
- Undervoltage Protection Logic
- Overvoltage Protection
- Overvoltage Protection Logic
- Compensated Overvoltage
- Residual Overvoltage Protection
- Residual Overvoltage Logic
- Calculation for Impedance Earthed Systems
- Chapter 15 Frequency Protection Functions
- Frequency Protection
- Underfrequency Protection logic
- Overfrequency Protection logic
- Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection
- Chapter 16 Current Transformer Requirements
- Recommended CT Classes
- Current Differential Requirements
- Distance Protection Requirements
- Determining Vk for IEEE C-class CT
- Worked Examples
- Calculation of Total Impedance up to Remote Busbar
- Calculation of Vk for Distance Zone 1 Close-up Fault
- Chapter 17 Monitoring and Control
- Event Records
- Opto-input Events
- Fault Record Events
- Security Events
- Disturbance Recorder
- Measurements
- CB Condition Monitoring
- Broken Current Accumulator
- CB Operating Time Accumulator
- Reset Lockout Alarm
- CB Condition Monitoring Logic
- Reset CB Lockout Logic Diagram
- Setting the thresholds for the Number of Operations
- CB State Monitoring
- CB Control using the Hotkeys
- CB Control using the Opto-inputs
- CB Healthy Check
- CB Control Logic Diagram
- Pole Dead Function
- System Checks
- Voltage Monitoring
- System Check PSL
- Chapter 18 Supervision
- Current Differential Supervision
- Current Differential Starter Supervision Logic
- Current Differential Start Logic
- Communications Asymmetry Supervision
- GPS Synchronisation Supervision
- Propogation Delay Management
- Voltage Transformer Supervision
- VTS Implementation
- VTS Logic
- Current Transformer Supervision
- Differential CTS Logic
- Standard CTS Logic
- Differential CTS Setting Guidelines
- Trip Circuit Supervision
- PSL for TCS Scheme 1
- Resistor Values
- Chapter 19 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration
- Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs
- Scheme Logic
- PSL Editor
- Configuring the Opto-Inputs
- Assigning the Output Relays
- Fixed Function LEDs
- Configuring Programmable LEDs
- Function Keys
- Control Inputs
- Chapter 20 Fibre Teleprotection
- Protection Signalling Introduction
- Transmission Media and Interference
- Fibre Teleprotection Implementation
- Fibre Teleprotection Scheme Terminal Addressing
- Setting up IM64
- Three-Terminal IM64 Operation
- Physical Connection
- Communications Supervision
- IM64 Logic
- Two-ended Scheme Extended Supervision
- Chapter 21 Electrical Teleprotection
- Teleprotection Scheme Principles
- Implementation
- Configuration
- Connecting to Electrical InterMiCOM
- Chapter 22 Communications
- Communication Interfaces
- Serial Communication
- EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements
- Standard Ethernet Communication
- Redundant Ethernet Communication
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol
- High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
- HSR Unicast Topology
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
- Self Healing Protocol
- Dual Homing Protocol
- Configuring IP Addresses
- Configuring the IED IP Address
- PRP/HSR Configurator
- Installing the Configurator
- PRP/HSR Device Identification
- HSR Configuration
- End of Session
- RSTP IP Address Configuration
- Installation
- Setup
- Mirroring Function
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- Redundant Ethernet Board MIB Structure
- Accessing the MIB
- Data Protocols
- Courier Database
- Disturbance Record Extraction
- Courier Configuration
- IEC 60870-5-103
- Initialisation
- Test Mode
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
- Object 20 Binary Counters
- Object 40 Analogue Output
- DNP3 Configuration
- IEC 61850
- Benefits of IEC 61850
- IEC 61850 in MiCOM IEDs
- IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation
- Ethernet Functionality
- IEC 61850 Edition 2
- Read Only Mode
- IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking
- Time Synchronisation
- IRIG-B Implementation
- PTP Domains
- Chapter 23 Cyber-Security
- Overview
- The Need for Cyber-Security
- Standards
- CIP 002
- CIP 007
- Cyber-Security Implementation
- Four-level Access
- Blank Passwords
- Access Level DDBs
- Password Blocking
- Password Recovery
- Password Encryption
- Security Events Management
- Logging Out
- Chapter 24 Installation
- Handling the Goods
- Mounting the Device
- Rack Mounting
- Cables and Connectors
- Power Supply Connections
- Voltage Transformer Connections
- Ethernet Metallic Connections
- Case Dimensions
- Case Dimensions 60TE
- Case Dimensions 80TE
- Chapter 25 Commissioning Instructions
- General Guidelines
- Commissioning Test Menu
- Test Mode Cell
- Static Test Mode
- IM64 Test Pattern
- Commissioning Equipment
- Advisory Test Equipment
- Product Checks
- Visual Inspection
- Watchdog Contacts
- Test LCD
- Test LEDs
- Test Output Relays
- Test Serial Communication Port RP2
- Test Ethernet Communication
- Test Voltage Inputs
- Electrical Intermicom Communication Loopback
- InterMicom Command Bits
- Intermicom 64 Communication
- Setting up the Loopback
- Setting Checks
- IEC 61850 Edition 2 Testing
- Simulated Input Behaviour
- Test Procedure for Real Values
- Test Procedure for Simulated Values - With Plant
- Contact Test
- Current Differential Protection
- Upper Slope
- Zone 1 Reach Check
- Zone 3 Reach Check
- Load Blinder
- Time Delay Settings
- Scheme Trip Test for Zone 1 Extension
- Signal Send Test for Permissive Schemes
- Delta Directional Comparison
- Operation and Contact Assignment
- Delta Protection Scheme Testing
- DEF Aided Schemes
- Preliminaries
- Scheme Testing
- Predictive OST Setting
- Protection Timing Checks
- Performing the Test
- System Check and Check Synchronism
- Check Trip and Autoreclose Cycle
- End-to-End Communication Tests
- Restoring C37.94 Fibre Connections
- End-to-End Scheme Tests
- Onload Checks
- Measure Capacitive Charging Current
- Final Checks
- Commmissioning the P59x
- P59x LEDs
- Loopback Test
- Chapter 26 Maintenance and Troubleshooting
- Maintenance
- Replacing the Device
- Repairing the Device
- Replacing PCBs
- Replacement of communications boards
- Replacement of the input module
- Replacement of the I/O boards
- Post Modification Tests
- Troubleshooting
- Out of Service LED on at power-up
- Error Code during Operation
- Incorrect Analogue Signals
- IEEE C37.94 fail
- Chapter 27 Technical Specifications
- Interfaces
- Rear Serial Port 2
- Rear Ethernet Port Copper
- Base FX Transmitter Characteristics
- Protection Functions
- Transient Overreach and Overshoot
- NPSOC Directional Parameters
- Monitoring, Control and Supervision
- PSL Timers
- Measurements and Recording
- Ratings
- Nominal Burden
- Battery Backup
- Input / Output Connections
- High Break Output Contacts
- Mechanical Specifications
- Type Tests
- Environmental Conditions
- Electromagnetic Compatibility
- Surge Immunity Test
- Magnetic Field Immunity
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