English73GlossaryBase: A reference station operated in staticmode.Baseline: A three-dimensional vector con-necting the base to the rover. The baselinelength is the vector modulus.DGPS: Differential GPS. A technique where-by data from a receiver at a known location isused to correct the data from a receiver at anunknown location. Differential correctionscan be applied in real-time or by post-pro-cessing. Since most of the errors in GPS arecommon to users in a wide area, the DGPS-corrected solution is significantly more accu-rate than a normal autonomous solution.Direct IP: (IP=Internet Protocol) A way of ac-quiring base data (corrections) from the In-ternet via GPRS. When setting Direct IP in areceiver, you must specify the IP address ofthe corrections provider.Fixed: Position solution status achieved by areceiver operating successfully in RTK mode.Position accuracy is in the order of one cen-timeter.Float: Intermediate position solution statusobtained in a receiver attempting to operatein RTK mode. Position accuracy is also inter-mediate as it is only in the order of a fewdecimeters.GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System.GPS, GLONASS and the future Galileo areeach a GNSS.GPRS: General Packet Radio Service. A mo-bile data service available to cell phone us-ers. GPRS data transfer is typically chargedper megabyte of transferred data, while datacommunication via traditional circuit switch-ing is billed per minute of connection time,independent of whether the user has actuallytransferred data or he has been in an idlestate.GPS: Global Positioning System. Passive,satellite-based navigation system operated bythe Department of Defense of the USA. Itsprimary mission is to provide passive globalpositioning/navigation for land-, sea-, and air-based operations.GSM: Global System for Mobile communica-tions. The most popular standard for mobilephones in the world.HRMS: Horizontal Root Mean Square. A sta-tistical measure of the scatter of horizontalcomputed positions about a “best fit” posi-tion solution. It gives you a good indication ofhow well the unit performs.Initialization: • A process used at power-on tohelp a GPS receiver more easily determine itsown location. The solution is of the GPS stan-dalone type (accuracy is a few meters).• For an RTK rover, once GPS initialization isachieved, a process through which the receiv-er can solve integer ambiguity from which itcan deliver a fixed solution with centimeteraccuracy.NTRIP: Networked Transport of RTCM via In-ternet Protocol. A protocol used by GNSS ser-vice providers to deliver corrections fromtheir networks of reference stations. Whensetting NTRIP in a receiver, you must specifythe mount point (an IP address) of the NTRIPprovider as well as your personal user profile.PDOP: Position Dilution of Precision. Thisnumber describes the geometry of the GPSconstellation. The lower this number, the bet-ter the geometry of the constellation and thebetter the quality of the position solution.Rover: The mobile unit that you carry withyou during your field operations.RTCM: Radio Technical Commission for Mar-itime services. RTCM standards are used in-ternationally for Differential GlobalNavigation Satellite Systems and ElectronicChart Systems.RTK: Real Time Kinematic. An algorithm runin a receiver that allows its position to be de-termined in real time, with centimeter accu-racy.UHF: Ultra High Frequency band. Magellanradio modems use this frequency band.VRMS: Vertical Root Mean Square. A statisti-cal measure of the scatter of vertical comput-ed positions about a “best fit” positionsolution. It gives you a good indication of howwell the unit performs.