18HBM QuantumX5 EtherCAT5.1 Basic principlesEtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) is an open and standardizedfieldbus system, characterized by a high performance capability and corresponding inprinciple to a specifically adapted Ethernet solution (standard: IEC/FDIS 61158):EtherCAT uses Ethernet Frames as defined in IEEE 802.3 and supports the use of otherEthernet protocols in the same network.End users of EtherCAT have banded together in the EtherCAT Technology Group (ETG) tosupport and promote EtherCAT technology(www.ethercat.org).EtherCAT replaces the classic Ethernet hubs and switches star topology (although this canstill be used) with an easy-to-cable line topology. Branches or stub lines are supported. Thegrouping here is usually one master and additional slaves.MX840 MX ...FireWireEtherCATMaster INOUTCX27Fig.5.5: Example: CX27 Gateway to EtherCAT, modules connected via FireWire5.2 Principle of operationIn contrast to standard Ethernet, the Ethernet Frames from the slaves are processed inpassing (IN and OUT sockets). The standard Ethernet Frame sent by the master (as perIEEE 802.3) is not first received, then interpreted and the process data copied at everyinterconnection, as is the case with other industrial Ethernet solutions. The EtherCAT slavedevices read the data relevant to them as the telegram passes through the device. Input dataare also inserted into the telegram in passing. So a frame is not fully received before beingprocessed, the processing starts as early as possible. Sending also occurs with a minimaltime offset of just a few bits. The master relies on a standard Ethernet controller.