211Responsible ListeningCaution!: Avoid potential hearing loss.Damage to hearing occurs when a person is exposed to loudsounds over time. The risk of hearing loss increases as sound isplayed louder and for longer durations. Prolonged exposure toloud sounds (including music) is the most common cause ofpreventable hearing loss. Some scientific research suggests thatusing portable audio devices, such as portable music players andcell phones, at high volume settings for long durations may leadto permanent noise-induced hearing loss. This includes the useof headphones (including headsets, earbuds, and Bluetooth® orother wireless devices). Exposure to very loud sound has alsobeen associated in some studies with tinnitus (a ringing in theear), hypersensitivity to sound, and distorted hearing. Individualsusceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss and potential hearingproblem varies. Additionally, the amount of sound produced by aportable audio device varies depending on the nature of thesound, the device settings, and the headphones that are used. Asa result, there is no single volume setting that is appropriate foreveryone or for every combination of sound, settings, andequipment.You should follow some common sense recommendations whenusing any portable audio device:• Always turn the volume down before plugging the earphones into anaudio source.• Set the volume in a quiet environment and select the lowest volume atwhich you can hear adequately.• Be aware that you can adapt to higher volume settings over time, notrealizing that the higher volume may be harmful to your hearing.• When using headphones, turn the volume down if you cannot hear thepeople speaking near you or if the person sitting next to you can hearwhat you are listening to.• Do not turn the volume up to block out noisy surroundings. If youchoose to listen to your portable device in a noisy environment, usenoise-cancelling headphones to block out background environmentalnoise. By blocking background environment noise, noise cancellingheadphones should allow you to hear the music at lower volumes thanwhen using earbuds.• Limit the amount of time you listen. As the volume increases, less timeis required before you hearing could be affected.• Avoid using headphones after exposure to extremely loud noises, suchas rock concerts, that might cause temporary hearing loss. Temporaryhearing loss might cause unsafe volumes to sound normal.