Program features 35Energy storage voltage measurement and estimationTypically an energy storage must be somehow protected against too high charging ordischarging. Depending on the storage type, the possible implementations of theprotections differ.If the energy storage is a battery, there is normally a battery management system (BMS)which alerts the overriding controller of the converter system. The overriding controllermust reduce the current reference or update current limits in the DC/DC converteraccording to the BMS’s request so that the DC/DC converter cannot overcharge oroverdischarge the battery. If the overriding controller is in charge of the protection and itsends the energy storage voltage data, you do not need to connect the additional batteryvoltage measurement to the DC/DC converter.If the energy storage is a super capacitor, there is a risk of overcharging if the highestpossible DC bus voltage of the converter system is higher than the maximum allowedvoltage for the super capacitor. There are two methods to protect the capacitor from theovervoltage and overcharging:• Measure the super capacitor voltage, connect the value back to the DC/DC converterand tune an overvoltage protection function in the converter control program.• Connect an external protective device between the super capacitor and the DC/DCconverter which detects an excessive voltage level and disconnects the converterwhen necessary.While running, the DC/DC converter can also estimate the energy storage voltage (102.03ES voltage estimated). The measurement of the energy storage voltage can be supervisedby comparing it against the estimated energy storage voltage. Settings and diagnosticsParameters: 102.03 ES voltage estimated, 130.114 Maximum ES voltage, 131.22 ESunder voltage level, 131.23 ES over voltage level, 131.24 ES voltage difference, 131.25User current fault limit, 197.14 ES voltage sourceWarnings: AE84 Parameters not setFaults: 2E0C User current fault, 3E11 ES voltage difference, 3E12 ES overvoltage, 3E13ES undervoltage