Glossary 133the computer, the memory information that was saved tothe hard drive is automatically restored.HTML — hypertext markup language — A set of codesinserted into an Internet web page intended for display onan Internet browser.HTTP — hypertext transfer protocol — A protocol forexchanging files between computers connected to theInternet.Hz — hertz — A unit of frequency measurement thatequals 1 cycle per second. Computers and electronicdevices are often measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz(MHz), gigahertz (GHz), or terahertz (THz).IIC — Industry Canada — The Canadian regulatory bodyresponsible for regulating emissions from electronicequipment, much as the FCC does in the United States.IC — integrated circuit — A semiconductor wafer, orchip, on which thousands or millions of tiny electroniccomponents are fabricated for use in computer, audio, andvideo equipment.IDE — integrated device electronics — An interface formass storage devices in which the controller is integratedinto the hard drive or CD drive.IEEE 1394 — Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers, Inc. — A high-performance serial bus used toconnect IEEE 1394-compatible devices, such as digitalcameras and DVD players, to the computer.infrared sensor — A port that allows you to transfer databetween the computer and infrared-compatible deviceswithout using a cable connection.integrated — Usually refers to components that arephysically located on the computer’s system board. Alsoreferred to as built-in.I/O — input/output — An operation or device that entersand extracts data from your computer. Keyboards andprinters are I/O devices.I/O address — An address in RAM that is associated witha specific device (such as a serial connector, parallelconnector, or expansion slot) and allows the processor tocommunicate with that device.IrDA — Infrared Data Association — The organizationthat creates international standards for infraredcommunications.IRQ — interrupt request — An electronic pathwayassigned to a specific device so that the device cancommunicate with the processor. Each device connectionmust be assigned an IRQ. Although two devices can sharethe same IRQ assignment, you cannot operate bothdevices simultaneously.ISP — Internet service provider — A company that allowsyou to access its host server to connect directly to theInternet, send and receive e-mail, and access websites.The ISP typically provides you with a software package,user name, and access phone numbers for a fee.KKb — kilobit — A unit of data that equals 1024 bits. Ameasurement of the capacity of memory integratedcircuits.KB — kilobyte — A unit of data that equals 1024 bytesbut is often referred to as 1000 bytes.key combination — A command requiring you to pressmultiple keys at the same time.kHz — kilohertz — A measurement of frequency thatequals 1000 Hz.LLAN — local area network — A computer networkcovering a small area. A LAN usually is confined to abuilding or a few nearby buildings. A LAN can beconnected to another LAN over any distance throughtelephone lines and radio waves to form a wide areanetwork (WAN).LCD — liquid crystal display — The technology used byportable computer and flat-panel displays.