7 APRS NETWORKS62 CONTENTS TH-D72A/ESince all of these transceivers can be used as backup emergency digipeaters anytime, anywhere,someone that is unable to hit any digipeaters from their current location with either WIDEn-N or SSn-N can always try TEMP1-1,WIDE2-2 to get out. Or, if all the digipeaters in an area are off-the-air, hecan actually try TEMP2-2 to get two mobile hops (or more) to a temporary destination. To furtherbenefit this alternate backup digipeating technique, some special battery-powered backupdigipeaters at high locations can also support this path in addition to WIDEn-N and SSn-N paths as afull time backup to the existing system.It is necessary to confront the issue of frequency congestion due to the spread of APRS systems inorder to efficiently transfer packet data (paradigm). TH-D72A/E supports the configurations of New-NParadigm, RELAY Paradigm and STATE/SECTION/REGION. Overall, this provides an efficientmechanism for transferring packets.Appropriate configuration is required in order to digipeat a packet path (relay route). New-NParadigm using WIDEn-N assigns an alias and a relay stage number for digipeaters. This system isspreading worldwide.For example, when you desire two hops, then you can configure “TOTAL HOPS: 2” and onceconfigured, you can verify that the packet path is configured to WIDE2-2. In the past years, when aregional digipeater was wanted, RELAY was used but this is replaced by WIDE1-1. You can useWIDE-1-1 simply by configuring On via menu selection Again, you can verify on the configurationscreen that “WIDE1-1 or WIDE2-1” was used for the relay route.This is one of the digipeat types used in Europe. The old backwards compatible RELAY techniquewas included for some areas that have still not updated to the universal New-N Paradigm usingtraceable WIDEn-N. It allows the first hop to be via the RELAY path and then uses TRACEn-N forsubsequent hops. The USA is using the New-N Paradigm. But, Europe has not yet fully coalescedinto RELAY PARADIGM as of this writing.7.5 Packet Path7.5.1 New-N Paradigm7.5.2 RELAY Paradigm