14safety and usage informationThe National Institutes of Health participates in someinteragency working group activities, as well.FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wirelessphones with the Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC). All phones that are sold in theUnited States must comply with FCC safetyguidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDAand other health agencies for safety questions aboutwireless phones.FCC also regulates the base stations that thewireless phone networks rely upon. While thesebase stations operate at higher power than do thewireless phones themselves, the RF exposures thatpeople get from these base stations are typicallythousands of times lower than those they can getfrom wireless phones. Base stations are thus not theprimary subject of the safety questions discussed inthis document.What are the results of the researchdone already?The research done thus far has produced conflictingresults, and many studies have suffered from flawsin their research methods. Animal experimentsinvestigating the effects of radio frequency energy(RF) exposures characteristic of wireless phoneshave yielded conflicting results that often cannot berepeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies,however, have suggested that low levels of RF couldaccelerate the development of cancer in laboratoryanimals. However, many of the studies that showedincreased tumor development used animals that hadbeen genetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed todevelop cancer in absence of RF exposure. Otherstudies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22hours per day. These conditions are not similar to theconditions under which people use wireless phones,