452 CHAPTER 12: USING SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDSViewAll viewsParameter-asource-IP: Configure the source IP address used by tracert command.-f: Configure to verify the -f switch,first-TTL specifies an initial TTL, rangingfrom 0 to the maximum TTL.-m: Configure to verify the -m switch,max-TTL specifies a maximum TTL largerthan the initial TTL.-p: Configure to verify the -p switch,port is an integer host port number.Generally, user need not modify this option.-q: Configure to verify the -q switch,nqueries is an integer specifying thenumber of query packets sent, larger than 0.-w: Configure to verify the -w switch,timeout is an integer specifying IP packettimeout in seconds, larger than 0.string: IP address of the destination host or the hostname of the remote system.DescriptionUse the tracert command to check the reachability of network connection andtroubleshoot the network. User can test gateways passed by the packetstransmitted from the host to the destination.By default, when the parameters are not specified,first-TTL is 1,max-TTL is 30,port is 33434,nqueries is 3 andtimeout is 5s.The tracert command sends a packet with TTL 1, and the first hop will send anICMP error message back to indicate this packet cannot be transmitted (becauseof TTL timeout). Then this packet will be sent again with TTL 2, and the secondhop will indicate a TTL timeout error. Perform this operation repeatedly tillreaching the destination. These processes are operated to record the sourceaddress of each ICMP TTL timeout so as to provide a path to the destination for anIP packet.After the ping command finds some error on the network, perform tracert tolocate the error.The output of the tracert command includes IP address of all the gateways tothe destination. If a certain gateway times out, output "***".
