5-4Figure 5-3 Diagram for traffic shapingTokenbucketPackets droppedPacketclassificationPackets to be sentthrough this interfacePackets sentTokens are put into thebucket at the set rateQueueFor example, in Figure 5-4, Router A sends packets to Router B. Router B performs traffic policing onpackets from Router A and drops packets exceeding the limit.Figure 5-4 Traffic shaping applicationYou can perform traffic shaping for the packets on the outgoing interface of Router A to avoidunnecessary packet loss. Packets exceeding the limit are cached in Router A. Once resources arereleased, traffic shaping takes out the cached packets and sends them out. In this way, all the trafficsent to Router B conforms to the traffic specification defined in Router B.Line RateThe line rate of a physical interface specifies the maximum rate for forwarding packets (including criticalpackets).Line rate also uses token buckets for traffic control. With LR configured on an interface, all packets to besent via the interface are firstly handled by the token bucket of line rate. If there are enough tokens inthe token bucket, packets can be forwarded; otherwise, packets are put into QoS queues for congestionmanagement. In this way, the traffic passing the physical interface is controlled.