RQT832049GlossaryBitstreamThis is the digital form of multi-channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 channel)before it is decoded into its various channels.Component video outputComponent signal outputs the colour difference signals (P B/PR) andluminance signal (Y) separately in order to achieve high fidelity inreproducing colours. If the television is compatible with progressiveoutput, a high quality picture can be output because this unit’scomponent video output terminal outputs a progressive outputsignal.CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)CPRM is technology used to protect broadcasts that are allowed tobe recorded only once. Such broadcasts can be recorded only withCPRM compatible recorders and discs.Dolby DigitalThis is a method of coding digital signals developed by DolbyLaboratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals canalso be multi-channel audio. A large amount of audio information canbe recorded on one disc using this method.Down-mixingThis is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found onsome discs into two channels for stereo output. It is useful when youwant to listen to the 5.1-channel audio recorded on DVDs throughyour television’s speakers. Some discs prohibit down-mixing and thisunit can then only output the front two channels.DTS (Digital Theater Systems)This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is goodseparation between the channels, so realistic sound effects arepossible.Dynamic rangeDynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of soundthat can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highestlevel of sound before distortion occurs. Dynamic range compressionmeans reducing the gap between the loudest and softest sounds.This means you can listen at low volumes but still hear dialog clearly.Film and videoDVD-Videos are recorded using either film or video. This unit candetermine which type has been used, then uses the most suitablemethod of progressive output.Film:Recorded at 25 frames per second (PAL discs) or 24 frames persecond (NTSC discs). (NTSC discs recorded at 30 frames persecond as well.) Generally appropriate for motion picture films.Video:Recorded at 25 frames/50 fields per second (PAL discs) or 30frames/60 fields per second (NTSC discs). Generally appropriate forTV drama programmes or animation.FinalizeA process that makes play of a recorded CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R etc.possible on equipment that can play such media. You can finalizeDVD-R, DVD-R DL, DVD-RW (DVD-Video format), +R or +R DL onthis unit.After finalizing, the disc becomes play-only and you can no longerrecord or edit. However, finalized DVD-RW can be formatted tobecome recordable.FormattingFormatting is the process of making media such as DVD-RAMrecordable on recording equipment.You can format DVD-RAM, DVD-RW (only as DVD-Video format),+R, +R DL or +RW on this unit.When you use a new DVD-RW, +R, +R DL or +RW, it must beformatted.Formatting deletes irrevocably all contents.Frames and fieldsFrames refer to the single images that constitute the video you seeon your television. Each frame consists of two fields.• A frame still shows two fields, so there may be some blurring, butpicture quality is generally better.• A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, butthere is no blurring.JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)This is a system used for compressing/decoding colour still pictures.If you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras etc.,the data will be compressed to 1/10–1/100 of its original size. Thefeature of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality consideringthe degree of compression.MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)An audio compression method that compresses audio to approximatelyone tenth of its size without any considerable loss of audio quality. Youcan play MP3 you have recorded onto DVD-R, CD-R and CD-RW.Pan & Scan/LetterboxIn general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they beviewed on a widescreen television (16:9 aspect ratio), so imagesoften don’t fit regular (4:3 aspect ratio) televisions. Two styles ofpicture, “Pan & Scan” and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.Playback control (PBC)If a Video CD has playback control, you can select scenes andinformation with menus.(This unit is compatible with version 2.0 and 1.1.)Progressive/InterlaceThe PAL video signal standard has 625 (or 576) interlaced (i) scanlines, whereas progressive scanning, called 625p (or 576p), usestwice the number of scan lines. For the NTSC standard, these arecalled 525i (or 480i) and 525p (or 480p) respectively.Using progressive output, you can enjoy the high-resolution videorecorded on media such as DVD-Video.Your television must be compatible to enjoy progressive video.Panasonic televisions with 625 (576)/50i · 50p, 525 (480)/60i · 60pinput terminals are progressive compatible.ProtectionYou can prevent accidental deletion by setting writing protection ordeletion protection.RGBThis refers to the three primary colours of light, red (R), green (G),and blue (B) and also the method of producing video that uses them.By dividing the video signal into the three colours for transmission,noise is reduced for even higher quality images.Sampling frequencySampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave(analogue signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digitalencoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken persecond, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of theoriginal sound.ThumbnailThis refers to a miniature representation of a picture used to displaymultiple pictures in the form of a list.TIFF (Tag Image File Format)This is a system used for compressing/decoding colour still pictures.A common format for storing high quality images on digital camerasand other devices.Pan & Scan: The sides are cut off so the picturefills the screen.Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top andbottom of the picture so the pictureitself appears in an aspect ratio of16:9.= +Frame Field FieldTroubleshooting guide/Glossary