• 0 — Disables randomization of Exec Shield. This may be useful for application debuggingpurposes.• 1 — Enables randomization of Exec Shield. This is the default value. Note: Theexec-shield file must also be set to 1 for exec-shield-randomize to be effective.• hostname — Configures the system hostname, such as www.example.com.• hotplug — Configures the utility to be used when a configuration change is detected by thesystem. This is primarily used with USB and Cardbus PCI. The default value of/sbin/hotplug should not be changed unless testing a new program to fulfill this role.• modprobe — Sets the location of the program used to load kernel modules. The default valueis /sbin/modprobe which means kmod calls it to load the module when a kernel thread callskmod.• msgmax — Sets the maximum size of any message sent from one process to another and isset to 8192 bytes by default. Be careful when raising this value, as queued messagesbetween processes are stored in non-swappable kernel memory. Any increase in msgmaxwould increase RAM requirements for the system.• msgmnb — Sets the maximum number of bytes in a single message queue. The default is16384.• msgmni — Sets the maximum number of message queue identifiers. The default is 16.• osrelease — Lists the Linux kernel release number. This file can only be altered by changingthe kernel source and recompiling.• ostype — Displays the type of operating system. By default, this file is set to Linux, and thisvalue can only be changed by changing the kernel source and recompiling.• overflowgid and overflowuid — Defines the fixed group ID and user ID, respectively, foruse with system calls on architectures that only support 16-bit group and user IDs.• panic — Defines the number of seconds the kernel postpones rebooting when the systemexperiences a kernel panic. By default, the value is set to 0, which disables automaticrebooting after a panic.• printk — This file controls a variety of settings related to printing or logging error messages.Each error message reported by the kernel has a loglevel associated with it that defines theimportance of the message. The loglevel values break down in this order:• 0 — Kernel emergency. The system is unusable.• 1 — Kernel alert. Action must be taken immediately.• 2 — Condition of the kernel is considered critical.• 3 — General kernel error condition./proc/sys/77
