Health and Safety Information 142cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to developcancer in absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed theanimals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions arenot similar to the conditions under which people use wirelessphones, so we don't know with certainty what the results of suchstudies mean for human health.Three large epidemiology studies have been published sinceDecember 2000. Between them, the studies investigated anypossible association between the use of wireless phones andprimary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma,tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers.None of the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmfulhealth effects from wireless phones RF exposures.However, none of the studies can answer questions about long-term exposures, since the average period of phone use in thesestudies was around three years.What research is needed to decide whether RF exposurefrom wireless phones poses a health risk?A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studiesof people actually using wireless phones would provide some ofthe data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies couldbe completed in a few years. However, very large numbers ofanimals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancerpromoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies canprovide data that is directly applicable to human populations, butten or more years' follow-up may be needed to provide answersabout some health effects, such as cancer.This is because the interval between the time of exposure to acancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do -may be many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiologicalstudies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RFexposure during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Manyfactors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which thephone is held, or which model of phone is used.What is FDA doing to find out more about the possiblehealth effects of wireless phone RF?FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program andwith groups of investigators around the world to ensure that highpriority animal studies are conducted to address importantquestions about the effects of exposure to radio frequencyenergy (RF).FDA has been a leading participant in the World HealthOrganization international Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Projectsince its inception in 1996. An influential result of this work hasbeen the development of a detailed agenda of research needsthat has driven the establishment of new research programsaround the world. The Project has also helped develop a series ofpublic information documents on EMF issues.u810.book Page 142 Friday, May 1, 2009 12:03 PM