Health and safety information90• “Cooperate in providing users of wireless phoneswith the best possible information on possibleeffects of wireless phone use on human health.FDA belongs to an interagency working group of thefederal agencies that have responsibility for differentaspects of RF safety to ensure coordinated efforts atthe federal level. The following agencies belong tothis working group:• “National Institute for Occupational Safety andHealth• “Environmental Protection Agency• “Federal Communications Commission• “Occupational Safety and Health Administration• “National Telecommunications and InformationAdministrationThe National Institutes of Health participates insome interagency working group activities, aswell.FDA shares regulatory responsibilities forwireless phones with the Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC). All phones that are sold in theUnited States must comply with FCC safetyguidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDAand other health agencies for safety questions aboutwireless phones.FCC also regulates the base stationsthat the wireless phone networks rely upon. Whilethese base stations operate at higher power than dothe wireless phones themselves, the RF exposuresthat people get from these base stations aretypically thousands of times lower than those theycan get from wireless phones. Base stations are thusnot the primary subject of the safety questionsdiscussed in this document.What are the results of the research donealready?The research done thus far has produced conflictingresults, and many studies have suffered from flawsin their research methods. Animal experimentsinvestigating the effects of radio frequency energy(RF) exposures characteristic of wireless phoneshave yielded conflicting results that often cannot berepeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies,however, have suggested that low levels of RF couldaccelerate the development of cancer in laboratoryanimals. However, many of the studies that showedincreased tumor development used animals that hadbeen genetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed todevelop cancer in absence of RF exposure. Otherstudies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22 hoursper day. These conditions are not similar to theconditions under which people use wireless phones,so we don't know with certainty what the results ofsuch studies mean for human health.Three large epidemiology studies have beenpublished since December 2000. Between them, the