164 Dell PowerEdge 2100/180 and 2100/200 Systems User’s Guideon a hard-disk drive or to replicate themselves until a sys-tem or network runs out of memory.The most common way that virus programs move fromone system to another is via “infected” diskettes, fromwhich they copy themselves to the hard-disk drive. Toguard against virus programs, you should do the following:• Periodically run a virus-checking utility on yourcomputer’s hard-disk drive• Always run a virus-checking utility on any diskettes(including commercially sold software) before usingthemVL-Bus™An abbreviation for VESA local bus. A standard for localbus implementation developed by the Video ElectronicsStandards Association.VLSIAbbreviation for very-large-scale integration.VppAbbreviation for peak-point voltage.VRAMAbbreviation for video random-access memory. Somevideo adapters use VRAM chips (or a combination ofVRAM and DRAM) to improve video performance.VRAM is dual-ported, allowing the video adapter to up-date the screen and receive new image data at the sametime.WAbbreviation for watt(s).win.ini fileWhen you start Windows, it consults the win.ini file to de-termine a variety of options for the Windows operatingenvironment. Among other things, the win.ini file recordswhat printer(s) and fonts are installed for Windows. Thewin.ini file also usually includes sections that contain optionalsettings for Windows application programs that are installedon the hard-disk drive.Running the Control Panel or Windows Setup programmay change options in the win.ini file. On other occasions,you may need to change or add options to the win.ini file man-ually with a text editor, such as Notepad.write-protectedRead-only files are said to be write-protected. You can write-protect a 3.5-inch diskette by sliding its write-protect tab to theopen position and a 5.25-inch diskette by placing an adhesivelabel over its write-protect notch.XMMAbbreviation for extended memory manager, a utility thatallows application programs and operating environmentsto use extended memory in accordance with the XMS. Seealso conventional memory, EMM, expanded memory, ex-tended memory, and memory manager.XMSAbbreviation for eXtended Memory Specification. Seealso EMS, extended memory, and memory manager.ZIFAcronym for zero insertion force. Some computers use ZIFsockets and connectors to allow devices such as the micro-processor chip to be installed or removed with no stressapplied to the device.