Time to Dest.: The estimated time remaining before you reachthe destination. You must be navigating for this data toappear.Time to Go: During a workout or course, the remaining timewhen you are using a time target.Time to Next: The estimated time remaining before you reachthe next waypoint in the route. You must be navigating forthis data to appear.Torque Effectiveness: The measurement of how efficiently arider is pedaling.Total Ascent: The total elevation distance ascended since thelast reset.Total Descent: The total elevation distance descended sincethe last reset.Trainer Resistance: The resistance force applied by an indoortrainer.Vertical Speed: The rate of ascent or descent over time.VS - 30s Avg.: The 30-second moving average of verticalspeed.Workout Step: During a workout, the current step out of thetotal number of steps.FTP RatingsThese tables include classifications for functional thresholdpower (FTP) estimates by gender.Males Watts per Kilogram (W/kg)Superior 5.05 and greaterExcellent From 3.93 to 5.04Good From 2.79 to 3.92Fair From 2.23 to 2.78Untrained Less than 2.23Females Watts per Kilogram (W/kg)Superior 4.30 and greaterExcellent From 3.33 to 4.29Good From 2.36 to 3.32Fair From 1.90 to 2.35Untrained Less than 1.90FTP ratings are based on research by Hunter Allen and AndrewCoggan, PhD, Training and Racing with a Power Meter(Boulder, CO: VeloPress, 2010).Heart Rate Zone CalculationsZone % ofMaximumHeart RatePerceived Exertion Benefits1 50–60% Relaxed, easy pace,rhythmic breathingBeginning-levelaerobic training,reduces stress2 60–70% Comfortable pace,slightly deeperbreathing, conversationpossibleBasic cardiovasculartraining, goodrecovery pace3 70–80% Moderate pace, moredifficult to holdconversationImproved aerobiccapacity, optimalcardiovascular training4 80–90% Fast pace and a bituncomfortable, breathingforcefulImproved anaerobiccapacity andthreshold, improvedspeed5 90–100% Sprinting pace,unsustainable for longperiod of time, laboredbreathingAnaerobic andmuscular endurance,increased powerVO2 Max. Standard RatingsThese tables include standardized classifications for VO2 max. estimates by age and gender.Males Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79Superior 95 55.4 54 52.5 48.9 45.7 42.1Excellent 80 51.1 48.3 46.4 43.4 39.5 36.7Good 60 45.4 44 42.4 39.2 35.5 32.3Fair 40 41.7 40.5 38.5 35.6 32.3 29.4Poor 0–40 <41.7 <40.5 <38.5 <35.6 <32.3 <29.4Females Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79Superior 95 49.6 47.4 45.3 41.1 37.8 36.7Excellent 80 43.9 42.4 39.7 36.7 33 30.9Good 60 39.5 37.8 36.3 33 30 28.1Fair 40 36.1 34.4 33 30.1 27.5 25.9Poor 0–40 <36.1 <34.4 <33 <30.1 <27.5 <25.9Data reprinted with permission from The Cooper Institute. For more information, go to www.CooperInstitute.org.Wheel Size and CircumferenceYour speed sensor automatically detects your wheel size. Ifnecessary, you can manually enter your wheel circumference inthe speed sensor settings.The tire size is marked on both sides of the tire. This is not acomprehensive list. You can also measure the circumference ofyour wheel or use one of the calculators available on theinternet.Tire Size Wheel Circumference (mm)20 × 1.75 151520 × 1-3/8 161522 × 1-3/8 1770Tire Size Wheel Circumference (mm)22 × 1-1/2 178524 × 1 175324 × 3/4 Tubular 178524 × 1-1/8 179524 × 1.75 189024 × 1-1/4 190524 × 2.00 192524 × 2.125 196526 × 7/8 192026 × 1-1.0 1913Appendix 23