TABLE OF CONTENTSB90 LOW IMPEDANCE BUS DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL vii7 COMMANDS ANDTARGETS7.1 Commands menu ................................................................................................... 7-17.1.1 Virtual inputs........................................................................................................................... 7-27.1.2 Clear records .......................................................................................................................... 7-27.1.3 Set date and time................................................................................................................. 7-27.1.4 Relay maintenance.............................................................................................................. 7-37.1.5 Security ..................................................................................................................................... 7-47.2 Targets menu.......................................................................................................... 7-47.2.1 Target messages .................................................................................................................. 7-57.2.2 Relay self-tests ...................................................................................................................... 7-58 APPLICATION OFSETTINGS8.1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 8-18.1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 8-18.1.2 Sample busbar and data .................................................................................................. 8-18.2 Zoning and dynamic bus replica ......................................................................... 8-38.2.1 North bus zone ...................................................................................................................... 8-38.2.2 South bus zone...................................................................................................................... 8-48.3 Biased characteristic breakpoints...................................................................... 8-58.3.1 Description .............................................................................................................................. 8-58.3.2 High breakpoint .................................................................................................................... 8-58.3.3 Low breakpoint...................................................................................................................... 8-68.4 Slopes and high set threshold ............................................................................. 8-68.4.1 Description .............................................................................................................................. 8-68.4.2 External faults on C-1......................................................................................................... 8-78.4.3 External faults on C-2......................................................................................................... 8-98.4.4 External faults on C-3......................................................................................................... 8-98.4.5 External faults on C-4.......................................................................................................8-108.4.6 External faults on C-5.......................................................................................................8-108.5 Bus differential settings...................................................................................... 8-108.5.1 Description ............................................................................................................................8-108.6 Enhancing relay performance ........................................................................... 8-118.6.1 Using setting groups.........................................................................................................8-119 THEORY OFOPERATION9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9-19.1.1 Bus differential protection................................................................................................ 9-19.2 Dynamic bus replica .............................................................................................. 9-39.2.1 Dynamic bus replica mechanism ................................................................................. 9-39.2.2 CT ratio matching................................................................................................................. 9-39.3 Differential principle.............................................................................................. 9-39.3.1 Biased differential characteristic.................................................................................. 9-39.3.2 Differential and restraining currents........................................................................... 9-49.3.3 Enhanced security ............................................................................................................... 9-59.4 Directional principle .............................................................................................. 9-69.4.1 Current directional protection........................................................................................ 9-69.5 Saturation detector ............................................................................................... 9-79.5.1 CT saturation detection..................................................................................................... 9-79.6 Output logic and examples .................................................................................. 9-99.6.1 Output logic............................................................................................................................. 9-99.6.2 Internal and external fault example..........................................................................9-1010 MAINTENANCE 10.1 Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 10-110.1.1 Devices with Site Targets................................................................................................10-110.1.2 Data with Modbus Analyzer ..........................................................................................10-1