170 Chapter 11. Email• flush — Deletes all previously viewed messages in the queue before retrieving new messages.• limit ô max-number-bytesõ — Replace ö max-number-bytes÷ with the maximum sizein bytes that messages are allowed to be when retrieved by Fetchmail. This option is useful withslow network links, when a large message takes too long to download.• password ’ ô passwordõ ’ — Replace ö password÷ with the user’s password.• preconnect "ô command õ " — Replace ö command÷ with a command to be executed beforeretrieving messages for the user.• postconnect "ô commandõ " — Replace ö command÷ with a command to be executed afterretrieving messages for the user.• ssl — Activates SSL encryption.• user "ô usernameõ " — Replace ö username÷ with the username used by Fetchmail to re-trieve messages. This option must precede all other user options.11.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command OptionsMost Fetchmail options used on the command line when executing the fetchmail command mirrorthe .fetchmailrc configuration options. In this way, Fetchmail may be used with or without aconfiguration file. These options are not used on the command line by most users because it is easierto leave them in the .fetchmailrc file.There may be times when it is desirable to run the fetchmail command with other options for aparticular purpose. It is possible to issue command options to temporarily override a .fetchmailrcsetting that is causing an error, as any options specified at the command line override configurationfile options.11.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging OptionsCertain options used after the fetchmail command can supply important information.• --configdump — Displays every possible option based on information from .fetchmailrc andFetchmail defaults. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.• -s — Executes Fetchmail in silent mode, preventing any messages, other than errors, from appear-ing after the fetchmail command.• -v — Executes Fetchmail in verbose mode, displaying every communication between Fetchmailand remote email servers.• -V — Displays detailed version information, lists its global options, and shows settings to be usedwith each user, including the email protocol and authentication method. No email is retrieved forany users when using this option.11.3.3.7. Special OptionsThese options are occasionally useful for overriding defaults often found in the .fetchmailrc file.• -a — Fetchmail downloads all messages from the remote email server, whether new or previouslyviewed. By default, Fetchmail only downloads new messages.• -k — Fetchmail leaves the messages on the remote email server after downloading them. Thisoption overrides the default behavior of deleting messages after downloading them.• -l ô max-number-bytesõ — Fetchmail does not download any messages over a particular sizeand to leave them on the remote email server.