149low level RF that does not produce heating effectscauses no known adverse health effects. Many studiesof low level RF exposures have not found any biologicaleffects. Some studies have suggested that somebiological effects may occur, but such findings have notbeen confirmed by additional research. In some cases,other researchers have had difficulty in reproducingthose studies, or in determining the reasons forinconsistent results.3. What is FDA’s role concerning the safety of wirelessphones?Under the law, FDA does not review the safety ofradiation-emitting consumer products such as wirelessphones before they can be sold, as it does with newdrugs or medical devices. However, the agency hasauthority to take action if wireless phones are shown toemit radiofrequency energy (RF) at a level that ishazardous to the user. In such a case, FDA could requirethe manufacturers of wireless phones to notify users ofthe health hazard and to repair, replace or recall thephones so that the hazard no longer exists.Although the existing scientific data do not justify FDAregulatory actions, FDA has urged the wireless phoneindustry to take a number of steps, including thefollowing:Support needed research into possible biological effectsof RF of the type emitted by wireless phones;Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes any RFexposure to the user that is not necessary for devicefunction; andCooperate in providing users of wireless phones with the148Appendix C: Consumer Update on Wireless PhonesU.S. Food and Drug Administration1. What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?The term wireless phone refers here to hand-heldwireless phones with built-in antennas, often called cell,mobile, or PCS phones. These types of wireless phonescan expose the user to measurable radiofrequencyenergy (RF) because of the short distance between thephone and the user s head. These RF exposures arelimited by Federal Communications Commission safetyguidelines that were developed with the advice of FDAand other federal health and safety agencies. When thephone is located at greater distances from the user, theexposure to RF is drastically lower because a person’s RFexposure decreases rapidly with increasing distancefrom the source. The so-called “cordless phones,” whichhave a base unit connected to the telephone wiring in ahouse, typically operate at far lower power levels, andthus produce RF exposures well within the FCC’scompliance limits.2. Do wireless phones pose a health hazard?The available scientific evidence does not show that anyhealth problems are associated with using wirelessphones. There is no proof, however, that wireless phonesare absolutely safe. Wireless phones emit low levels ofradiofrequency energy (RF) in the microwave range whilebeing used. They also emit very low levels of RF when inthe stand-by mode. Whereas high levels of RF canproduce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure toAAppppeennddiixx AAppppeennddiixx