Reference66VQT0P03VHSDVDReferenceBitstreamThis is a signal compressed and converted into digital form. It isconverted back to a multi-channel audio signal, e.g., 5.1-channel, bya decoder.CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)CPRM is technology used to protect broadcasts that are allowed tobe recorded only once. Such broadcasts can be recorded only withCPRM compatible recorders and discs.DecoderA decoder restores the coded audio signals on DVDs to normal. Thisis called decoding.Down-mixingThis is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found onsome discs into two channels. It is useful when you want to listen tothe 5.1-channel audio recorded on DVDs through your TV’sspeakers. Some discs prohibit down-mixing. If this is the case, thisunit can only output the front two channels.Dynamic rangeDynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of soundthat can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highestlevel of sound before distortion occurs. Dynamic range compressionmeans reducing the gap between the loudest and softest sounds.This means you can hear dialog clearly at low volume.Film and VideoDVD-Videos are recorded using either film or video. The unit candetermine which type has been used, then uses the most suitablemethod of progressive output.For PAL≥Film is 25 frames per second.≥Video is 50 fields per second (2 fields making up 1 frame).For NTSC≥Film is 24 or 30 frames per second, with motion picture filmgenerally being 24 frames per second.≥Video is 60 fields per second (2 fields making up 1 frame).FinalizeA process that makes play of a recorded CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, etc.possible on equipment that can play such media. You can finalizeDVD-R, DVD-RW (DVD-Video format) and +R on the unit. Afterfinalizing, the disc becomes play-only and you can no longer recordor edit. However, finalized DVD-RW can be formatted to becomerecordable.FormattingFormatting is the process of making media such as DVD-RAMrecordable on recording equipment.You can format DVD-RAM and DVD-RW (only as DVD-Video format)on the unit.Formatting irrevocably erases all contents on the disc.Frame and fieldFrame refers to the single images that constitute the video you seeon your TV. Each frame consists of 2 fields.Frame Field Field≥A frame still shows 2 fields, so there may be some blurring betweenthem, but picture quality is generally better.≥A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, butthere is no blurring.JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)This is a system used for compressing/decoding colour still pictures.If you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc.,the data will be compressed to 1/10–1/100 of its original size. Thebenefit of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality considering thedegree of compression.MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)An audio compression method that compresses audio toapproximately one-tenth of its size without any considerable loss ofaudio quality. You can play MP3s you have recorded onto CD-R andCD-RW.Pan & Scan/LetterboxIn general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they willbe viewed on a widescreen TV (16:9 aspect ratio), so images oftendon’t fit regular TVs (4:3 aspect ratio). 2 styles of picture,“Pan & Scan” and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.Pan & Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture fills the screen.Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom of thepicture so the picture itself appears in an aspect ratioof 16:9.Playback control (PBC)If a Video CD has playback control, you can select scenes andinformation with menus displayed on the screen.(The unit is compatible with version 2.0 and 1.1.)Progressive/InterlaceThe PAL video signal standard has 576 (or 625) interlaced (i) scanlines, whereas progressive scanning, called 576p (or 625p), usestwice the number of scan lines. For the NTSC standard, these arecalled 480i (or 525i) and 480p (or 525p) respectively.Using progressive output, you can enjoy the high-resolution videorecorded on media such as DVD-Video.Your television must be compatible to enjoy progressive video.Panasonic televisions with 576 (625)/50i · 50p, 480 (525)/60i · 60pinput terminals are progressive compatible.ProtectionYou can prevent accidental erasure by setting writing protection orerasure protection.Sampling frequencySampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave(analog signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digitalencoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken persecond, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of theoriginal sound.ThumbnailThis refers to a miniature representation of a picture used to displaymultiple pictures in the form of a list.TIFF (Tag Image File Format)This is a still picture data standard. A common format for storing highquality images on digital cameras and other devices.Glossary= +