CS240 7-9Appendix 7Java A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems that runs on most com-puters regardless of the installed hardware and operating system. However, in orderto run Java applications, an operating environment called "Java Virtual Machine(Java VM)" is required.JPEG Abbreviation for Joint Photographic Experts Group. One of the file formats for savingimage data. (The file extension is ".jpg".) The compression ratio is roughly 1/10 to1/100. This format uses an effective method in the compression of continuous-toneimages, such as photographs.Kerberos A type of network authentication system used by Windows 2000 or later. Used in Ac-tive Directory authentication. Users can be safely and efficiently authenticated witha two-phase authentication (user logon and network resource usage) on a depend-able site set up on the network.LAN Abbreviation for Local Area Network. A network which connects computers on thesame floor, in the same building, or in neighboring buildings.LDAP Abbreviation for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. On a TCP/IP network, suchas the Internet or an intranet, this protocol is used to access a database for manag-ing environment information and the e-mail addresses of network users.LPD Abbreviation for Line Printer Daemon. A printer protocol that uses TCP/IP and isplatform-independent. Originally developed for BSD UNIX, it has become the stand-ard printing protocol and can be used with any general computer.LPR/LPD Abbreviation for Line Printer Request/Line Printer Daemon. A printing method overa network in a Windows NT system or UNIX system. Using TCP/IP, you can outputprint data from Windows or Unix to a printer over a network.MAC address Abbreviation for Media Access Control address. With a special ID number for eachEthernet card, data can be sent and received between the cards. A number consistsof 48 bits. The first 24 bits consist of a special number for each manufacture control-ling and assigning IEEE. The last 24 bits consist of a number that the manufacturerassigns uniquely to the card.Memory Storage device for storing data temporally. When the power is turned off the datamay or may not be erased.MH Abbreviation for Modified Huffman. A data compression encoding method for faxtransmissions. Documents containing mostly text are compressed to about 1/10their original size.MIB Abbreviation for Management Information Base. In a TCP/IP transmission, this usesSNMP to define the management information format for a group of network devices.There are two formats: the manufacturer-specific private MIB and the standardizedMIB.MMR Abbreviation for Modified Modified Read. A data compression encoding method forfax transmissions. Documents containing mostly text are compressed to about 1/20their original size.NetBEUI Abbreviation for NetBIOS Extended User Interface. A network protocol developedby IBM. By simply specifying the computer name, you can build a small-scale net-work.NetWare Network operating system developed by Novell. NetWare IPX/SPX is used as thecommunication protocol.NTLM Abbreviation for NT LAN Manager. User authentication method used by WindowsNT or later. With the MD4 and MD5 encoding methods, passwords are encoded.NTP Abbreviation for Network Time Protocol. The protocol for correctly adjusting thecomputer’s internal clock over the network. In a hierarchical method, the time is ad-justed with the server at the highest level using GPS to acquire the correct time,which is then referenced by each lower level host.OCR Abbreviation for Optical Character Reader. A device or software that converts hand-written or printed documents to text data by optically scanning it and, through com-parison with a previously stored pattern, specifies the characters.OS Abbreviation for Operating System. Basic software for controlling the system of acomputer.PASV Abbreviation for PASsiVe. A mode for connecting to an FTP server from within a fire-wall. If this mode is not specified, the firewall will be considered inaccessible and theconnection will be terminated, preventing the file from being sent.Peer-to-peer A network format that allows connected devices to communicate without using adedicated serverPDF Abbreviation for Portable Document Format. An electronically formatted documentwhich uses the .pdf extension. Based on the PostScript format, you can use the freeAdobe Acrobat Reader software to view documents.Term Definition