Health and safety information178time of wireless phone use and increasing thedistance between the user and the RF source willreduce RF exposure.Some groups sponsored by other nationalgovernments have advised that children bediscouraged from using wireless phones at all. Forexample, the government in the United Kingdomdistributed leaflets containing such arecommendation in December 2000. They notedthat no evidence exists that using a wireless phonecauses brain tumors or other ill effects. Theirrecommendation to limit wireless phone use bychildren was strictly precautionary; it was not basedon scientific evidence that any health hazard exists.7. Do hands-free kits for wireless phones reducerisks from exposure to RF emissions?Since there are no known risks from exposure to RFemissions from wireless phones, there is no reasonto believe that hands-free kits reduce risks. Hands-free kits can be used with wireless phones forconvenience and comfort. These systems reducethe absorption of RF energy in the head becausethe phone, which is the source of the RF emissions,will not be placed against the head. On the otherhand, if the phone is mounted against the waist orother part of the body during use, then that part ofthe body will absorb more RF energy. Wirelessphones marketed in the U.S. are required to meetsafety requirements regardless of whether they areused against the head or against the body. Eitherconfiguration should result in compliance with thesafety limit.8. Do wireless phone accessories that claim toshield the head from RF radiation work?Health and safety information179Since there are no known risks from exposure to RFemissions from wireless phones, there is no reasonto believe that accessories that claim to shield thehead from those emissions reduce risks. Someproducts that claim to shield the user from RFabsorption use special phone cases, while othersinvolve nothing more than a metallic accessoryattached to the phone. Studies have shown thatthese products generally do not work as advertised.Unlike “hand-free” kits, these so-called “shields”may interfere with proper operation of the phone.The phone may be forced to boost its power tocompensate, leading to an increase in RFabsorption. In February 2002, the Federal tradeCommission (FTC) charged two companies that solddevices that claimed to protect wireless phoneusers from radiation with making false andunsubstantiated claims. According to FTC, thesedefendants lacked a reasonable basis tosubstantiate their claim.9. What about wireless phone interference withmedical equipment?Radio frequency energy (RF) from wireless phonescan interact with some electronic devices. For thisreason, FDA helped develop a detailed test methodto measure electromagnetic interference (EMI) ofimplanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrillatorsfrom wireless telephones. This test method is nowpart of a standard sponsored by the Association forthe Advancement of Medical instrumentation(AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort by FDA,medical device manufacturers, and many othergroups, was completed in late 2000. This standardwill allow manufacturers to ensure that cardiacpacemakers and defibrillators are safe from wirelessphone EMI.