Appendix A: GlossaryA-6CyberMONITOR User’s GuideSerialization Frames — Frames sent out by servers under IPX to check whether illegal copies ofNetWare are in use on the network.Service Advertising Protocol — Protocol used in IPX for broadcasting information aboutservices available on the network, such as file servers, CD-ROM drives and modem pools.SESs — Severely Errored Seconds - A DS-1 Line Status Error condition. Severely ErroredSeconds are seconds (for ESF signals) with 320 or more Path Code Violation Error Events, or oneor more Out of Frame defects, or a detected AIS (Alarm Indication Signal failure) defect. ForE1-CRC signals, a Severely Errored Second contains 2048 LCVs (Line Coding Violation ErrorEvents) or more.SNMP — Simple Network Management Protocol. A widely implemented Internet networkmanagement protocol that allows status monitoring, getting/setting of parameters for configurationand control of network devices, such as routers and bridges.Split B Channels — Each 64 Kbps ISDN B-channel can be used individually for a separate dataconnection.Spoofing — Spoofing is a technique used to remove poll and update service frames from WANlinks while ensuring that the network continues to operate normally. Spoofing is employed tominimize dial-up line connection time.Subnet Address — An extension of the Internet 32-bit addressing scheme that allows theseparation of physical or logical networks within the single network number assigned to anorganization. TCP/IP entities outside this organization have no knowledge of the internal“subnetting.”Subnet Mask — A 32-bit internet protocol address mask used to identify a particularsubnetwork.TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Refers to a set of internetworkingprotocols developed by the U.S. Department of Defense that define a two level layered approachfor interoperability. TCP provides a connection-oriented Transport layer ensuring end-to-endreliability in data transmission. IP provides for Network layer connectivity using connectionlessdatagrams.Telco Cloud — The “cloud” of switched virtual connections over a Wide Area Network (WAN).