GE D30 Instruction Manual

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Contents

GE Multilin D30 Line Distance Relay 8-38 THEORY OF OPERATION 8.1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS8c) NON-DIRECTIONAL MHO CHARACTERISTICThe non-directional mho characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:AB phase element: (IA – I B) × Z – (VA – V B) and (VA – VB) – (I A – I B) × ZREVBC phase element: (IB – I C) × Z – (VB – VC) and (V B – VC) – (I B – I C ) × ZREVCA phase element: (IC – I A) × Z – (VC – VA) and (V C – VA) – (IC – I A) × Z REVA ground element: I A × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VAand VA – (I A × Z REV + I_0 × K0 × Z REV + I G × K0M × ZREV)B ground element: I B × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VBand VB – (I B × Z REV + I_0 × K0 × Z REV + IG × K0M × ZREV)C ground element: I C × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VCand VC – (IC × Z REV + I_0 × K0 × Z REV + I G × K0M × ZREV)d) MHO REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONSThe reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:AB phase element: (IA – I B) × Z – (VA – V B) and (I A – I B) × ZBC phase element: (IB – I C) × Z – (VB – VC) and (I B – I C ) × ZCA phase element: (IC – I A) × Z – (VC – VA) and (I C – IA) × ZA ground element: I A × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VA and I_0 × ZB ground element: I B × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VB and I_0 × ZC ground element: I C × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VC and I_0 × ZIf the mho characteristic is selected, the limit angle of the comparator is adjustable concurrently with the limit angle of themho characteristic, resulting in a tent shape complementing the lens characteristic being effectively applied.e) QUADRILATERAL REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONSThe quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:AB phase element: (IA – I B) × Z – (VA – V B) and (I A – I B) × ZBC phase element: (IB – I C) × Z – (VB – VC) and (I B – I C ) × ZCA phase element: (IC – I A) × Z – (VC – VA) and (I C – IA) × ZA ground element: I A × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VA and (j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × ejΘB ground element: I B × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VB and (j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × e jΘC ground element: I C × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I G × K0M × Z – VC and (j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × ejΘThe ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence current as per user-settings to maxi-mize performance in non-homogenous systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-selectable non-homogeneity correction angle.f) REVERSE QUADRILATERAL REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR NON-DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONSThe reverse quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:AB phase element: (IA – I B) × ZREV – (VA – VB) and (I A – IB) × Z REVBC phase element: (IB – I C) × Z REV – (VB – VC) and (IB – IC ) × Z REVCA phase element: (IC – I A) × Z REV – (VC – VA) and (IC – I A) × Z REVA ground element: I A × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z REV + IG × K0M × Z REV – VA and (j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × ej(180 + Θ)B ground element: I B × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z REV + IG × K0M × Z REV – VB and (j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × ej(180 + Θ)C ground element: I C × Z + I_0 × K0 × ZREV + I G × K0M × ZREV – V C and (j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × e j(180 + Θ)The ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence current as per user-settings to maxi-mize performance in non-homogenous systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-selectable non-homogeneity correction angle.