GE MiCOM P40 Agile Technical Manual

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P44x/EN CM/Hb6 Commissioning(CM) 9-28 MiCOM P40 Agile P442, P444In the characteristic above, the parts marked A, B and C are intersectionsbetween several zones.• The surface A is considered as being in zone 1.• The surface B is not a part of the characteristic (no start element).• The surface C is not a part of the starting characteristic (up to version A4.0, a newlogic is implemented to keep Z1 forward detection in area C (even with a fault negativereactance value higher than the reverse limit X4) )Plausibility:For a characteristic to be plausible, its various parameters must comply with the followingequations: (no blocking plausibility check is provided by the internal logic control of the relay)• if zone P is set forward: Z1 < Z1ext < Z2 < Zp < Z3 tZ1 < tZ2 < tZp < tZ3 R1G ≤ R2G ≤ RpG ≤ R3G R1Ph ≤ R2Ph ≤ RpPh ≤ R3Ph• if zone P is set reverse: Z1 < Z1ext < Z2 < Z3 Zp < Z4 tZ1 < tZ2 < tZ3 tZp < tZ4 R1G ≤ R2G ≤ R3G RpG ≤ R4G R1Ph ≤ R2Ph ≤ R3Ph RpPh ≤ R4Ph• The Z minimum value measured by the relay is: 60 mohms (Z1min set in S1 is 1ohmwith CT 1Amp & 200 mohms with CT 5Amp)• There is no limit for the R/X ratio because a floating-point processor is used for the Rcalculation & X calculation (separated dynamic range for each calculation). Inconsequence the limit will be given by the angle error of the CT.For example in PUR with CT accuracy angle at 1° (for IN), this gives a R/X = 5,7 – to keep a10% error in the X1 measurement.• R limit: min. 0 /max. 80 ohms (CT 5Amp) – min. 0/max. 400 ohms (CT 1Amp)• X limit: min. 0,2/max. 100 ohms (CT 5Amp) – min.1/max. 500 ohms (CT 1Amp)To simulate a two-phase faultThe two-phase fault simulation principle is the same as the one used to simulate a single-phase fault but:• the voltage reference is the line to line voltage between phases, Uab for example;• the reference current is the difference between the phase-currents, Ia - Ib for example; the fault impedance Z = (Uphase-phase/(Iphase1 - Iphase2)). the R1M point (single phase) is replaced by the R1ph point.(Biphase)Two-phase characteristic with reverse zone P: