• Integral non-linearity (INL) — This error is defined as the highest-value that theabsolute value of the running sum of DNL achieves. More simply, this is the worst-case difference of the actual transition voltage to a given code and its correspondingideal transition voltage, for all codes.• Total unadjusted error (TUE) — This error is defined as the difference between theactual transfer function and the ideal straight-line transfer function and includes allforms of error.15.6.2.6 Code jitter, non-monotonicity, and missing codesAnalog-to-digital converters are susceptible to three special forms of error. These arecode jitter, non-monotonicity, and missing codes.Code jitter occurs when, at certain points, a given input voltage converts to one of twovalues when sampled repeatedly. Ideally, when the input voltage is infinitesimallysmaller than the transition voltage, the converter yields the lower code (and vice-versa).However, even small amounts of system noise can cause the converter to beindeterminate, between two codes, for a range of input voltages around the transitionvoltage. This range is normally around ±1/2 lsb in 8-bit or 10-bit mode, or around 2 lsb in12-bit mode, and increases with noise.This error may be reduced by repeatedly sampling the input and averaging the result.Additionally the techniques discussed in Noise-induced errors reduces this error.Non-monotonicity is defined when, except for code jitter, the converter converts to alower code for a higher input voltage. Missing codes are those values that are neverconverted for any input value.In 8-bit or 10-bit mode, the ADC is guaranteed to be monotonic and have no missingcodes.Application informationMC9S08PA4 Reference Manual, Rev. 5, 08/2017326 NXP Semiconductors
