36D-STAR GUIDEINTRODUCTION■ What is D-STAR?• D-STAR is a digital protocol standard developed bythe Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL). The systemincludes the DV mode for Digital Voice and the DD modefor Digital Data communications.• D-STAR supports a comprehensive repeater system linkedthrough the Internet, enabling you to make QSOs withstations near or far from your location.• D-STAR supports the DV mode at 4.8 kbps. Your call signdata, and either a short message, or GPS data can betransmitted simultaneously with your voice signal.Advanced Amateur radio technology of D-STARThe DV mode has a bandwidth of only6 kHz, compared to 16 kHz for theanalog FM mode, with 5 kHz deviation.D-STAR utilizes the well-know GMSKmodulation method that makes veryefficient use of occupied bandwidth.D-STAR occupies 10 kHz. The sound quality isgood even though the bandwidth is narrow.The regular FM mode occupies 20 kHzthat is a double the bandwidth of D-STAR.Frequency Frequencyfo6 kHz6 kHzfo16 kHz16 kHz10 kHz10 kHz20 kHz20 kHz10 kHz10 kHz10 kHz10 kHz20 kHz20 kHz10 kHz10 kHz 10 kHz10 kHz10 kHz10 kHz20 kHz20 kHz10 kHz10 kHz 10 kHz10 kHz20 kHz20 kHzD-STAR (F7W) FM (F3E)