GLOSSARY117local echoA modem feature that enables the modem todisplay keyboard commands and transmitteddata on the screen. See command En.MNPMicrocom Networking Protocol, an error-control protocol developed by Microcom,Inc., and now in the public domain. There areseveral different MNP protocols, but the mostcommonly used one ensures error-freetransmission through error detection (CRC)and retransmission of flawed frames.modemA device that transmits/receives computer datathrough a communications channel such asradio or telephone lines. It also changes signalsreceived from the phone line back to digitalsignals before passing them to the receivingcomputer.nonvolatile memory (NVRAM)User-programmable random access memorywhose data is retained when power is turnedoff. On the U.S. Robotics modem, it includesfour stored phone numbers and the modemsettings.off/on hookModem operations that are the equivalent ofmanually lifting a phone receiver (taking it off-hook) and replacing it (going on-hook).
