Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network.VRRP OverviewVRRP is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network.VRRP specifies a MASTER router that owns the next hop IP and MAC address for end stations on a local area network (LAN). TheMASTER router is chosen from the virtual routers by an election process and forwards packets sent to the next hop IP address. If theMASTER router fails, VRRP begins the election process to choose a new MASTER router and that new MASTER continues routing traffic.VRRP uses the virtual router identifier (VRID) to identify each virtual router configured. The IP address of the MASTER router is used asthe next hop address for all end stations on the LAN. The other routers the IP addresses represent are BACKUP routers.VRRP packets are transmitted with the virtual router MAC address as the source MAC address. The MAC address is in the followingformat: 00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}. The first three octets are unchangeable. The next two octets (00-01) indicate the address block assignedto the VRRP protocol, and are unchangeable. The final octet changes depending on the VRRP virtual router identifier and allows for up to255 VRRP routers on a network.The following example shows a typical network configuration using VRRP. Instead of configuring the hosts on the network 10.10.10.0 withthe IP address of either Router A or Router B as their default router; their default router is the IP address configured on the virtual router.When any host on the LAN segment wants to access the Internet, it sends packets to the IP address of the virtual router.In the following example, Router A is configured as the MASTER router. It is configured with the IP address of the virtual router and sendsany packets addressed to the virtual router through interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1 to the Internet. As the BACKUP router, Router B isalso configured with the IP address of the virtual router. If, for any reason, Router A becomes unavailable, VRRP elects a new MASTERRouter. Router B assumes the duties of Router A and becomes the MASTER router. At that time, Router B responds to the packets sent tothe virtual IP address.All workstations continue to use the IP address of the virtual router to address packets destined to the Internet. Router B receives andforwards them on interface TenGigabitEthernet 10/1. Until Router A resumes operation, VRRP allows Router B to provide uninterruptedservice to the users on the LAN segment accessing the Internet.For more detailed information about VRRP, refer to RFC 2338, Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol.601024 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
