5-4 N60 Network Stability and Synchrophasor Measurement System GE Multilin5.1 OVERVIEW 5 SETTINGS5 5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTSIn the design of UR relays, the term element is used to describe a feature that is based around a comparator. The compar-ator is provided with an input (or set of inputs) that is tested against a programmed setting (or group of settings) to deter-mine if the input is within the defined range that will set the output to logic 1, also referred to as setting the flag. A singlecomparator may make multiple tests and provide multiple outputs; for example, the time overcurrent comparator sets apickup flag when the current input is above the setting and sets an operate flag when the input current has been at a levelabove the pickup setting for the time specified by the time-current curve settings. All comparators use analog actual valuesas the input.An exception to this rule is digital elements, which use logic states as inputs.Elements are arranged into two classes, grouped and control. Each element classed as a grouped element is provided withsix alternate sets of settings, in setting groups numbered 1 through 6. The performance of a grouped element is defined bythe setting group that is active at a given time. The performance of a control element is independent of the selected activesetting group.The main characteristics of an element are shown on the element logic diagram. This includes the inputs, settings, fixedlogic, and the output operands generated (abbreviations used on scheme logic diagrams are defined in Appendix F).Some settings are specified in per-unit (pu) calculated quantities:pu quantity = (actual quantity) / (base quantity)Where the current source is from a single CT, the base quantity is the nominal secondary or primary current of the CT. Usethe secondary current base to convert per-unit current settings to/from a secondary current value, and use the primary cur-rent base to convert to/from a primary current value.Where the current source is the sum of two or more CTs with different nominal primary current, the primary base quantity isthe largest nominal primary current. For example, if CT1 = 300 / 5 A and CT2 = 100 / 1 A, then in order to sum these, CT2is scaled to the CT1 ratio. In this case, the base quantity is 300 A primary, 5 A secondary for CT1, and 300/(100/1) = 3 Asecondary for CT2. IEC 61850 GOOSE UINTEGERS See page 5-200. SETTINGS TRANSDUCER I/O DCMA INPUTS See page 5-201. RTD INPUTS See page 5-202. DCMA OUTPUTS See page 5-204. SETTINGS TESTINGTEST MODEFUNCTION: Disabled See page 5-207.TEST MODE FORCING:On See page 5-207. FORCE CONTACT INPUTS See page 5-208. FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS See page 5-209. PMU TEST VALUES See page 5-210.NOTE
