Re AAV RsetIæ ö £ç ÷è øEQUATION1557 V1 EN-US (Equation 3)Im AAV XsetIæ ö £ç ÷è øEQUATION1558 V1 EN-US (Equation 4)The Rset and Xset are R and X boundaries.7.1.6.1 Resistive reach in forward direction M13877-6 v3To avoid load encroachment, the resistive reach is limited in forward direction bysetting the parameter RLdOutFw which is the outer resistive load boundary value whilethe inner resistive boundary is calculated according to equation 5.RLdInFw = kLdRFw·RLdOutFwEQUATION1185 V2 EN-US (Equation 5)where:kLdRFw is a settable multiplication factor less than 1The slope of the load encroachment inner and outer boundary is defined by setting theparameter LdAngle.The load encroachment in the fourth quadrant uses the same settings as in the firstquadrant (same LdAngle and RLdOutFw and calculated value RLdInFw).The quadrilateral characteristic in the first quadrant is tilted to get a better adaptation tothe distance measuring zones. The angle is the same as the line angle and derived fromthe setting of the reactive reach inner boundary X1InFw and the line resistance for theinner boundary R1LIn. The fault resistance coverage for the inner boundary is set bythe parameter R1FInFw.From the setting parameter RLdOutFw and the calculated value RLdInFw a distancebetween the inner and outer boundary, DFw, is calculated. This value is valid for Rdirection in first and fourth quadrant and for X direction in first and second quadrant.1MRK 511 408-UUS A Section 7Impedance protectionPhasor measurement unit RES670 2.2 ANSI 149Technical manual
